A Guide to QuarkXPress 2022

Preference for Defining Paste Behavior from External Applications

The most-requested feature, QuarkXPress has come up with an application-level Preference setting to control the pasting behavior from external applications. You can find this option available under the Input Settings tab of Preference dialog.

Now users can change the preference if they don't wish to retain source formatting while pasting content from external application. 

• If the user selects Text, then only text content will be pasted and all source formatting (including tables, hyperlinks, etc. will be lost) and it is the default behavior. 

• If the user selects With Formatting, all text content, tables, hyperlinks, etc. supported by RTF will be retained on pasting the content.

Fit Box to Text feature

If the text you have entered does not fit in the text box, the overflow symbol displays. Automatically adjust the box size to fit the text by choosing Fit Box to Text from the context menu (or Item menu). The Fit Box to Text feature works on any shape or size of text box.

The Fit Box to Text feature can be used for boxes which have overflow or underflow.

The Fit Box to Text feature can be used for all kinds of text boxes, including linked boxes, multicolumn boxes, rotated boxes. It will work on text that has various attributes applied to it. 

Special character codes

You can use special character codes to find/change special characters. You can also use these codes when creating conditional styles.

*Not applicable in conditional styles.

Inserting footnotes and endnotes

To insert a Footnote or an Endnote:

1. Place the insertion point where you want the Footnote/Endnote reference number to appear, or select the word for which you want to add a Footnote/Endnote.

2. Choose Style > Footnote/Endnotes.

3. Select Insert Footnote, Insert Endnote or Custom Footnote/Endnote from the drop down menu. If you choose Custom Footnote/Endnote, the Insert Footnote/Endnote dialog box appears:

   

   This allows you to select a Footnote style. User can change an applied Footnote style to a different style or to an Endnote style and vice versa.

   Footnote/Endnotes are supported for linked text chain and multi-column boxes. Footnote/Endnote text can flow across the text chain.

   Use the Restart Numbering option to restart the numbering of a Footnote/Endnote.

   Use the Custom Footnote/Endnote  option to specify a custom mark as the Footnote/Endnote reference number.

4. Type the Footnote/Endnote text.

The Footnote/Endnote is added to the document

Footnote/Endnote styles

To edit Footnote/Endnote styles, choose Window > Footnote Styles to display the Footnote Styles palette.

The buttons at the top of this palette let you add, edit, duplicate and delete Footnote styles. You can also apply a different Footnote/Endnote style on an already applied Footnote/Endnote reference number by clicking on the desired style in the palette. You can access the Insert Footnote/Endnote dialog using the Custom Footnote/Endnote button in the palette.

To add a new Footnote/Endnote style or to edit an existing Footnote/Endnote style, choose an existing Footnote style and click the button, or click the button.

The Edit Footnote Style dialog displays.

Specify the attributes for your Footnote/Endnote style. The attributes in the top half of the dialog will be applied to the footnote/endnote reference text, the attributes under the Footnote/Endnote Formatting section of the dialog will be applied to the actual footnote text:

• Name: Enter a name in this field, or the application will use a default "New Footnote Style" name.

• Reference Type: Indicate if this will be a Footnote or an Endnote style.

• Numbering Style: Select a numbering style that will be applied to the Footnote/Endnote reference numbers from the Numbering Style drop-down menu. To create a numbering style, see "Working with numbering styles

• Marker Style: Select a marker style that will appear in the reference text from the Marker Style drop-down menu.There are 3 options: Superscript, Subscript and Inherit from Numbering. If the Inherit from Numbering option is selected, then the character styling applied on the selected numbering style will be applied as the marker style.

• Start At: Specify the number used for the first Footnote in the story. Each story in a document begins with the same Start At number.

• Restart Numbering: Specify when you wish to restart the numbering. Choose Never if you wish the numbering to never restart for the entire project. Choose or Each Section to specify when Footnote numbering is to be restarted. This option is only available only for Footnotes and not Endnotes.

• Paragraph Style: To associate a paragraph style sheet with the Footnote/Endnote style, choose an option from the Paragraph Style drop-down menu. To create a paragraph style sheet, see "Creating and Editing Paragraph Style Sheets".

• Character Format: Choose Inherit From Marker Style to retain the styling applied on the footnote/endnote reference number. To associate a different character styling with the footnote/endnote marker, choose a character style sheet from a list of character style sheets available in the Character Format drop-down menu. To create a character style sheet, see "Creating and Editing Character Style Sheets".

• Prefix: Enter text that you want to appear before the footnote marker.

• Suffix: Enter text that you want to appear after the footnote marker.

• Space Separator: Select the space separator/s you want between the footnote/endnote marker and the text of the note.

• Start Endnotes on New Page: Specify if you wish to start the Endnotes from a new page or from the same page just after the end of the story. This option is available only for Endnotes, not Footnotes. By default, the Start Endnotes on New Page option is unchecked for an Endnote style.

  If you select Start Endnotes on New Page, then you should not set Auto Page Insertion in preferences to Off, otherwise Endnotes will not be displayed.

  The space between two footnotes/endnotes can be specified using the Space Before and Space After settings of the paragraph styling applied to the footnote text.

When you're done, click OK.

Footnote separators

The Footnote separator is the line separator between the parent text and Footnote text. The Footnote separator style is a box attribute and as such you can apply a different Footnote separators to different boxes in the same story, or to different stories in the same layout.

To add or edit Footnote separator styles, choose Edit > Footnote Styles to display the Footnote Styles dialog.

Select Footnote Separator Styles from the drop-down menu under Show:. The existing Footnote separator styles will be listed. Choose an existing Footnote separator style and click the Edit or Duplicate button, or click the New button.

The Edit Footnote Separator Style dialog displays:

Specify the attributes for the Footnote separator style:

• Name: Enter a name in this field, or the application will use a default "New Footnote Separator Style" name.

• Footnote Across Columns: Check to specify that the footnote should span columns in a multicolumn text box. Footnotes can be formatted to span across all columns. Footnotes for spanned column paragraphs will be listed below along with other footnotes as spanned footnotes. Footnote Across Columns will be checked by default for new documents. 

• Space Before: Specify the desired amount of space above the separator (between the body text and the separator).

• Space After: Specify the desired amount of space below the separator (between the separator and the footnote/endnote text).

• Rule for Separator Style: Check to specify the attributes for the main footnote separator style.

  If this box is not checked, there will be no separator between the text and the footnote.

• Rule for Continued Separator Style: Check to specify the attributes of the separator style if the footnote will be continued onto a subsequent page or column.

  If this box is not checked and the footnote text flows onto the next page or column, there will be no separator between the text and the footnote on the second page or column. 

• Style: Select a line style for the separator from the Style drop-down menu.

• Width: Select a width or type in a value for the width of the separator from the Width drop-down menu.

• Color: Select a color for the separator from the Color drop-down menu.

• Shade: Select a shade or type in a value for the shade of the separator using the slider tool in the Shade drop-down menu.

• Opacity: Select an opacity or type in a value for the opacity of the separator using the slider tool in the Opacity drop-down menu.

• From Left: Specify the Left Indent offset for the separator. This value can be an absolute value or a relative value in terms of a percentage of the box.

• From Right: Specify the Right Indent offset for the separator. This value can be an absolute value or a relative value in terms of a percentage of the box.

When you're done, click OK.

To apply the new Footnote separator style, choose Style > Footnote Separator Style and select the new style.

Export Endnotes as Hyperlinks

A QuarkXPress document can contain footnotes or endnotes or both. Footnote text is displayed in the footnote marked area, whereas the endnotes are displayed at the end of the document.

QuarkXPress provides an option to export endnotes in the document as hyperlinks during PDF export.

To export endnotes as hyperlinks, invoke Export as PDF dialog > Click Options > Go to Hyperlinks pane > Check ‘Export Endnotes as Hyperlinks'. You can define different hyperlink appearance options for the endnotes.

Similarly, you can define the export endnotes as hyperlink settings in the PDF Output Styles dialog. 

Convert Footnotes to Endnotes (and Vice Versa)

If you want to change the footnotes and endnotes you inserted to a different kind of note, you can convert them in QuarkXPress. Instead of changing each one individually, this option lets you change them all at once. If you’re working on a document with a lot of notes, this option can come in handy. 

While converting the type, QuarkXPress also lets you choose the Footnote style for formatting how your footnotes and endnotes are displayed. The scope of conversion can be a current text selection or whole layout.

Under the Footnotes/ Endnotes sub-menu in Style menu and context menu, click the “Convert…” button.

• Do one of the following:

  • Choose Footnotes to Endnotes to convert footnotes to endnotes.

  • Choose Endnotes to Footnotes to convert endnotes to footnotes.

    

  • Select one of the available Endnote/Footnote styles.

  • Select one of the following from the Scope dropdown:

  •  

    • Layout: If you want to convert all the footnotes or endnotes in your document.

    • Selection: If you want to convert only the footnotes or endnotes from your selection.

  • Click Convert.

Find/Change Footnotes Enhancement

Starting with QuarkXPress 2022, users will be able to search and replace attributes applied to text in footnotes. No new user interface option exists for this enhancement. The existing Search in Footnotes option in Find/Change can be used to search and replace both text and attributes in footnotes.

Footnotes Visibility in Long Tables

Footnote text is displayed on the same page as their corresponding reference marks, even for long tables that span multiple pages.

Auxiliary dictionaries

To prevent a word from being flagged by the spell checker, create an auxiliary dictionary and add the word to that auxiliary dictionary.

To create an auxiliary dictionary, choose Utilities > Check Spelling > Auxiliary Dictionary, enter a name, and then click New.

To add words to an auxiliary dictionary, choose Utilities > Check Spelling > Edit Auxiliary.

Only one auxiliary dictionary at a time can be open for use with an document. An auxiliary dictionary remains associated with an document until you click Close in the Auxiliary Dictionary dialog box or until you open a different auxiliary dictionary.

Auxiliary dictionaries are saved as separate files on your hard drive. The path to a document's auxiliary dictionary is saved with the project, so if you move an open auxiliary dictionary to another folder or volume, the application will be unable to find it.

To create or open an auxiliary dictionary without closing the Check Spelling palette, click Add while a word you want to keep is highlighted.

To add all suspect words to an open auxiliary dictionary, press Option+Shift/Alt+Shift and click Add All.

Applying a font

To apply a font to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose a font family and a font style from the Font drop-down menus in the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette.

  

   

  

• Press Command+Option+Shift+M/Ctrl+Alt+Shift+M to jump directly to the font field in the Measurements palette, enter the first few characters of the font name until it is recognized, then press Return/Enter. Now select a font style from the font style menu.

Your most recently used fonts display at the top of any font list. Specify the number of recently used fonts you want to be displayed in Preferences > Application > Fonts. To turn this feature off, specify a 0.

Font previews

(Windows only): To display font previews in font menus, check the Show in Font Menu box in the Fonts pane of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit menu). Press Shift to temporarily override this preference.

(Mac OS X only): QuarkXPress automatically shows a preview of all typefaces in the font pop-ups. Press Shift to temporarily override this preference.

Applying font styles

Previously, QuarkXPress had a font menu and buttons for Plain, Bold, and Italic styles.

But, many of the font families have more than a single font style which map to the same font face like Bold, SemiBold, Condensed Bold, Heavy, Black font styles which map to Bold. In such cases, if the user clicked the bold button to apply bold styling, there was no standard mechanism to identify which of the bold face font styles should be selected. Likewise, on clicking on the Bold button to remove bold styling, there was no standard mechanism to identify which of the plain face font styles should be selected. This behavior created a lot of confusion for the users.

It was not possible to add buttons for each of the font styles as the font families could have numerous font styles . Multiple clicks on a single button to select the desired font style was also not a feasible solution.

In order to address these issues and to have a more predictable user interface, the Plain, Bold and Italic buttons have been removed from the user interface. Now, there are separate font family and font style menus.  The user needs to change the font style from the font style menu. In order to retain the legacy behavior for the users who applied font style through key commands, the key commands to apply bold/italics have been retained.

In previous versions of QuarkXPress, the key commands to apply bold and italics would work even if the applied font family did not have a font style with an intrinsic bold or italic font face. In such cases, faux bold or faux italics would get applied on the text. The application of faux bold/italic is not considered preferable for designing.

Now, on pressing the key command to apply bold/italic style, if the font family has a font style corresponding to that font face, then the font style will be selected, otherwise, the key command will be ignored.

In previous versions of QuarkXPress, in case of small font families that only had a Regular, Bold, Italic, Bold Italic, it was easy to use a key command to apply bold/italics. In case of large font families which have many sub font families like Light, Light Italic; Medium, Medium Italic; Condensed, Condensed Bold, Condensed Italic, Condensed Bold Italic; Regular, Bold, Italic, Bold Italic, it was not easy to use key command to apply bold/italic as the application was not aware of which bold/italic style to choose. In addition to that, if a bold/italic style was not available in a sub font family, the shortcut would select a bold/italic style of another sub font family (from within the large font family). Hence, if the Condensed Bold font style was not available, the shortcut would select the Bold font style. This was not a correct behavior since applying a bold/italic font style of a sub family would alter the current font-weight/width.

Now, the font styling behavior has been changed with respect to key commands. In large font families, while applying bold/italic styling through key command, it will only searches for the bold/italic style from within the current sub font family. If the sub font family has a font style corresponding to that font face, then the font style will be selected, otherwise, the key command will be ignored. The key command will no longer select a bold/italic font style outside the current sub font family.

It is recommended that the user should use the font style pop-menu to select the desired font styles.

Handling faux styles in QuarkXPress

• In case faux styling is applied on the text, it will be displayed as [Faux Bold], [Faux Italic], [Faux Bold Italic] in the user interface.

  

   

• Now, while opening a previous version document, in case faux styling is applied on the text, then faux style string will be displayed in the font style field.

• While importing a text file having faux styling applied, then faux style string will be displayed in the font style.

• While changing a font family in the font menus (measurement palette, Style sheet, Rubi dialog, Usage Font Replacement dialog), if the current font has a bold/ italics/bold italics font style applied, but the same is not available in new font family being applied, then an appropriate faux style string will be applied.

• Faux style string is dynamically populated in the font style pop up. It is only available in the font style pop up menu. 

• Faux style string is not available font family sub-menu. If a faux style is applied, then all the font styles in the font family sub menu will display as unchecked.

• If the faux styling is applied as local formatting, it is preserved on updating the style sheet.

• If the user changes the applied font style in case of faux style, then the faux style will not available in the font style pop up to the user. But, if you undo the style change action, the faux style will be reverted.

• Faux styling applied on the text is preserved on copy-pasting and drag-drop text/text boxes within the same project and across projects; on appending layout and on appending style sheet having the faux style applied.

• Similar to the behavior in previous versions, an alert will be displayed on flattened output if transparency is applied to the text with faux styling.

• Faux styling is preserved on enabling any other font family or font style other than the current applicable font style. The faux style will be removed if the actual font style is enabled thereafter.

In case, you wish to change the default faux style settings and apply faux styles, kindly quit the application, go to QuarkXPress application folder on Windows; while on Mac, you need to go to Mac HD/ Users/<current user>/Library/Application Support/Quark/QuarkXPress 2022 > Go to Settings.xml file and edit it.

<FontStyleSettings AllowFauxStyles="false">

</FontStyleSettings>

Change the value of 'AllowFauxStyles' from ‘false’ to ‘true’, then save the file. Now, relaunch the application.

Font styles in Usage dialog

The display of font styling information the Usage dialog has also been changed. The font face displayed in angular brackets has been removed if font is available on the system.

Now, only the font name is displayed in Usage dialog > Fonts tab if the font is available on the system.

Example:

Myriad Pro Regular

Myriad Pro Bold

Myriad Pro Italic

Myriad Pro Bold Italic

In the case of missing fonts, the font face is displayed in angular brackets along with the missing font name.

Example:

Georgia Pro Italic displays as (-5, Georgia Pro) <<Italic>> 

Avenir LT Std Heavy displays as (-3, Avenir LT Std 65 Medium) <<Bold>>

In case, faux bold/italic styling is applied on the font, the faux bold/italic string is displayed alongside the font name within square parenthesis. Also, a faux warning icon is displayed on the left of the font name.

Font Management in QuarkXPress

QuarkXPress provides its  native Font management capability to activate or deactivate fonts from any location — from any file system or network — temporarily or permanently. It allows the users to manage their fonts effectively and at the same time removes the dependencies to any other third party XTensions or utilities.

Why Do You Need to Manage Your Fonts?

Your fonts are your tools; you need to know where they are, and how and when to use them. If you have a large collection of fonts, effective font management is essential.

Problems with mismanaged fonts:

• Installing your fonts in the system, font menus in your applications is difficult to navigate.

• Different projects might use different versions of the same font.

• Installing new applications can make unexpected changes to your fonts.

• Replacing damaged or missing fonts and sorting out duplicate fonts wastes production time.

Font Management in QuarkXPress is classified into 3 sub-categories:

1. Document Font Loading:

• Temporarily activates fonts for a project from a Document Fonts folder and its sub-folders if it is placed in the same location as the project.

• Activate fonts from the Document Fonts folder if the folder name is 'Fonts' or its corresponding localized names only.

• Fonts available in the Document Fonts folder will not be treated as missing fonts if fonts can be read.

• Document Fonts will be displayed as a separate group in the font menu.

• Document fonts have the highest priority, followed by Application Fonts and then System fonts which have the last priority during font enumeration. If the same font family is available in more than one font location: Document fonts, Application fonts, System fonts; then only those font styles available in the font folder having the highest priority among them will get enumerated even if the number of font styles in these folders differ.

• If the Document Fonts folder contains the same font but in different font formats, then the fonts of a single format will be enumerated and the priority defined for the font formats is in the order - OTF, TTC, TTF, Type1, CID, Bitmap.

• If the Document Fonts folder contains a font family having font styles but of different font formats, then the font styles of a single format will be enumerated and the priority defined for the font formats is in the order - OTF, TTC, TTF, Type1, CID, Bitmap.

• In Usage dialog, the fonts used in the project will display the correct font path.

• On closing a project, the Document Fonts for that project will get deactivated.

• Document Fonts of one project will not be available for any other new or existing project unless the existing project is placed alongside the open project in the same folder/path.

• If more than one project with Document Fonts is opened concurrently, then the Document Fonts of the project in focus will be activated.

• If you copy-paste or drag-n-drop text or text boxes, or thumbnail drag page from a project opened with Document Fonts to a new project, then the Document Fonts of the source project will appear missing in the destination project unless the same fonts are installed in application fonts or in system fonts. 

• All other functionalities related to Fonts work as earlier.

 2. Resolving Missing Fonts from user-specified location:

• Under Preferences dialog, there is a new pane at the application level for Font Management. 

• You can add/remove one or more font folders to search and replace missing fonts. 

• You can choose to automatically activate missing fonts from the user-defined font folders while opening a project file/importing a Word file/importing an Excel file/opening an IDML file, or converting to native objects.

• If you choose not to automatically activate the missing fonts, then there is a ‘Search in Folders’ option in Missing Fonts dialog to manually activate the missing fonts from the user-defined font folders.

• In case you did not activate the missing fonts and chose to proceed ahead, you still have a ‘Search in Folders’ option in the Usage dialog to manually activate the missing fonts from the user-defined font folders.

• You can select one or more missing fonts to resolve from Missing font folders specified in Preferences.

• The missing fonts will be only activated temporarily for the current project.

• On closing a project, the replacement fonts for that project will get deactivated.

3. Auto-Activation of fonts at the application level:

• An application font folder is now available by default at the below-mentioned locations:

 Mac:

Root level: Fonts will be available for all users: (/Library/Application Support/Quark/Fonts);
User level: Fonts will be available for a specific user: (~/Library/Application Support/Quark/Fonts)

Windows:

Root level: Fonts will be available for all users: (ProgramData > Quark > Fonts);
User level: Fonts will be available for specific user: (Users/<current user>/AppData/Local/Quark/Fonts);

• Users can install or copy/paste fonts in either or both application font folders. While one folder allows you to install fonts to be available for all users, the other folder allows you to install fonts to be available for a specific user. 

• Among the Application font folders, Application fonts at the Root level have the highest priority, followed by Application Fonts at the User level and then the Application Fonts packaged with the Digital Publishing- Flex Templates which have the last priority during font enumeration. If the same font family is available in more than one application font folders: Root-level, User level, Digital Publishing- Flex Templates; then the font styles available in the font folder having the highest priority among them will get enumerated even if the number of font styles in these folders differ. 

• If the application fonts folder contains the same font but in different font formats, then the fonts of a single format will be enumerated and the priority defined for the font formats is in the order - OTF, TTC, TTF, Type1, CID, Bitmap. 

• If the application fonts folder contains a font family having font styles but of different font formats, then the font styles of a single format will be enumerated and the priority defined for the font formats is in the order - OTF, TTC, TTF, Type1, CID, Bitmap. 

• Fonts installed in the application fonts folder will be available for all QuarkXPress releases (version 2020 and later). 

• Fonts installed in the application fonts folder will not be available for any other application other than QuarkXPress. 

• Fonts installed in the application fonts folder will be automatically activated on launching the QuarkXPress application and will be available for all new and existing projects.

• On removing fonts from the application fonts folder, those fonts will be deactivated.

• In Usage dialog, the fonts used in the project will display the correct font path.

Choosing a font size

You can apply font sizes from 2 to 16128 points. To apply a size to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose a size from the size menu in the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette

• Click the arrow next to the current font size to display a list of point sizes, then either choose a size from the list or enter a new point size.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/Opt modifier to modify the size

• Use the keyboard commands.

Applying type styles

To apply a type style to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose Style > Type Style and choose a type style from the submenu.

• Choose a type style from the Text Styles drop-down menu in the Measurements palette.

You can remove applied type styles using 'Remove All Styles' option in the Text styles pop up menu in the measurement palette or using the 'Reset Type styles' button in the Character Style Sheet dialog.

Applying color, shade, and opacity

To apply color, shade, and opacity to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose options from the Style > Color, Style > Shade, and Style > Opacity submenus.

• Display the Colors palette (Window > Show Colors), click a color, and then choose or enter Shade and Opacity values.

• Use the color, shade, and opacity controls in the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette.

• Use the color, shade, and opacity controls in the Measurements palette.

Applying horizontal or vertical scale

To apply horizontal or vertical scaling to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose Scale Text Horizontally or Scale Text Vertically from the Character tab of the Measurements palette, and enter a value in the field.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/ Opt modifier to modify the scale value.

• Use the keyboard commands. If a range of text is selected that has both horizontal and vertical scaling applied, the keyboard commands will increase or decrease the text accordingly.

Applying baseline shift

You can place characters above or below their baseline without affecting paragraph spacing. A positive value raises the text; a negative value lowers the text. To apply baseline shift to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Enter a value in the Baseline field of the Character tab of the Measurements palette.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/ Opt modifier to modify the baseline shift value.

• Use the keyboard commands.

Applying emphasis value

To apply an emphasis mark to a character, select the character, click the Emphasis Mark drop down in the Text Styles menu on the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette to display the emphasis mark options, and then click one of the options. These options are also available in the Emphasis Mark drop-down menu under Style > Type Style.

Applying text stroke

QuarkXPress allows you to draw an outline (or stroke) around individual text characters.

You can define the color, width and type of join of your strokes. You can define a text stroke as part of a character or paragraph style sheet.

To apply a text stroke to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Use a character style sheet.

• To apply a text stroke to entire paragraphs, use a paragraph style sheet, and choose (or define) a character style sheet that defines a text stroke from the Character Style drop down menu on the General tab.

• Use the Character tab of the Measurements palette.

Define the following:

• Stroke - Choose a color from the drop-down menu. Choose to display the Edit Color dialog to define a new color for the text stroke.

• Choose a % using the slider to apply the shade of the selected color.

• Width - Define the desired width of the stroke as an absolute value (up to 500 pt). You can also define the width as a percentage of the text. The width of the stroke will then be dependent on the font size and increase/decrease proportionally if you change the font size. A percentage value must be between 0 and 50%.

• Join - Select the type of join to specify the appearance of the stroke at corner points that extend beyond the end points of the text.

  • Miter Join : Creates a pointed corner which extends beyond the endpoint when the miter's length is within the miter limit. The Miter Limit field will only be available for a Miter Join. The value of the Miter Limit field can be 1 to 255.

  • Round Join : Creates rounded corners which extend half the stroke width beyond the endpoint.

  • Bevel Join : Creates squared corners which abut the endpoints.

• Miter Limit - For a Miter Join, choose the Miter Limit from the drop-down menu.

• Check No Fill to change the color of the text to no color. This selection is only available if the width of the text stroke is > 0.

  

Stroke support for Indic

Till now, in QuarkXPress on applying text stroking feature, first fill is applied and then stroke is drawn. This text stroking behavior works fine with most of the languages which only contain characters. But, in case of languages like Indic languages, the default stroke behavior is unusable, since it breaks within the syllables and the middle joint outlines are also visible.

For solving this issue, new stroke drawing order options (Front, Behind) have been added in QuarkXPress.

Now, the default stroke order will be "Front" which will act as current text stroking behavior. If it is changed to "Behind" then the first stroke will be drawn and then fill will be applied. The "Behind" drawing order option will hide the breaks within the syllables.

There is an option available in Settings.xml file to hide the Stroke Order control in the UI.

<!--TextStrokeDrawingOrderUISetting StrokeDrawingOrderUI ="False" to disable strokeorder UI, StrokeDrawingOrderUI ="True" -->

<!-- to enable strokeorder UI, by default StrokeDrawingOrderUI ="True" -->

<TextStrokeDrawingOrderUISetting StrokeDrawingOrderUI="True"></TextStrokeDrawingOrderUISetting>

Settings.xml will be available by default with QuarkXPress, and it should be placed at-

Mac-~/Library/Application Support/Quark/QuarkXPress 2022/Settings.xml 

Windows- <Installed Drive>:\Program Files\Quark\QuarkXPress 2022\Settings.xml

Text with 'Behind' stroke drawing order should render as normal text without any reflow, and the width/height glyph should be the same as the "Front" stroke drawing.

Opacity or other text attributes for the stroked text should be applied similarly to normal text. Stroke drawing order applies to all text languages. Stroke drawing order should be reset to Front on the down saving project.

Drawing order option in measurement palette -

You can also access Stroke drawing in vertical measurement palette -

Controlling half-width characters

To keep half-width characters (such as Roman characters) horizontal in a vertical story, check the Keep Half-Width Characters Upright box on the Character tab of the Measurements palette.

Working with font sets

Font sets let you control how different types of characters — such as Alphabetic (Roman) and Han characters — display when they occur together in text.

You can create a new font set in the Edit Font Set dialog box (Edit > Font Sets). Each font set is composed of a set of font types, each of which has its own settings.

For each type in a font set, you can control the following:

• Font: Specify a font family for each type of the character group.

• Style: Specify a font style for selected font family for each type of the character group

• Relative Size: Specify the relative size of each font based on the font size used in the layout. For example, if the font size in your layout is 12 points, and you specify a relative setting of 200%, the font displays at 24 points.

• Baseline Shift: Specify a value to raise or lower the font from its baseline.

• Scale Direction: Specify whether the font is scaled horizontally or vertically.

• Scale Amount: Specify the amount of horizontal or vertical scaling.

The Sample Text area of the dialog box displays sample text that uses each of the fonts in the font set.

You can apply a font set to text in the same way that you apply a font to text. Simply select the text and choose a font set from the font drop-down menu in the Measurements palette. Font sets display at the top of the list.

To append a font set to a project, use the Append button in the Font Sets dialog box (Edit > Font Sets).

Applying multiple character attributes

You can view and edit all character attributes at one time using the Character tab of the Measurements palette.

Blank fields and gray check boxes indicate that multiple styles are applied to selected text. For example, if the Font field is blank, then more than one font is applied to the selected text.

If you enter a value in a blank field, that value will be applied to all the selected text. If you check or uncheck a gray check box, that style setting will be applied to or removed from all selected text.

Controlling alignment

You can choose from seven paragraph alignments: Left, Centered, Right, Justified, Forced, Towards Spine and Away From Spine. The Forced option aligns all lines between the left and right indentations, like the Justified option, but also justifies the last line (if there is a return at the end of the paragraph).

To set the alignment of selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose an alignment from the Style > Alignment submenu.

• Click an alignment icon in the Home tab or the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

• Use the keyboard commands.

For facing pages documents, there was no easy way to set the text alignments to follow the spine - requiring that different paragraph styles were defined for recto and verso pages. 

Now, QuarkXPress includes two text alignment settings to specifically address this requirement.

• Towards Spine

• Away From Spine

These alignment settings are available both in paragraph style sheet and measurement palette. Text alignment changes in case of Towards Spine and Away from Spine settings are only visible in case of a facing page layout.

In the case of Facing Pages, there is a spine:

• Towards Spine alignment: Irrespective of the number of pages in the spread, the text on all the Left side pages will align to the right side (i.e. towards the spine); the text on all the Right side pages will align to the left side (i.e. towards the spine).

• Away from Spine alignment: Irrespective of the number of pages in the spread, the text on all the Left side pages will align to the left side (i.e. away from the spine); the text on all the Right side pages will align to the right side (i.e. away from the spine).

In case of Non-Facing Pages, there is no spine:

• Towards Spine alignment: Irrespective of the number of pages in the spread, the text will align to the left side.

• Away from Spine alignment: Irrespective of the number of pages in the spread, the text will align to the right side.

Controlling indentation

You can specify indents for selected paragraphs in the following ways:

• Use the Style > Alignment submenu

• Use the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette

Use the following fields to specify the indents:

• To specify how far a paragraph is indented from the left edge of a box or column, enter a value in the Left Indent field.

• To specify how far the first line of a paragraph is indented from the Left Indent value, enter a value in the First Line field. Note that First Line indentation is relative to the Left Indent applied to a paragraph. For example, if you specify a Left Indent of .5", and a First Line indentation of .5", the first line will begin 1" from the left edge of the text box. First Line indent can be specified in terms of absolute value or in terms of Em %

• To specify how far a paragraph is indented from the right edge of a box or column, enter a value in the Right Indent field. Click OK.

• To create a hanging indentation, specify a positive Left Indent and a negative First Line indentation or drag the indentation icons on the column ruler.

In addition to setting hanging indents as a paragraph attribute, you can enter a special character that forces the indenting of all lines of text from that point to the next paragraph return. Press Command+\(Mac OS X) or Ctrl+\(Windows) to enter a special Indent Here character. (The Indent Here character is an invisible character; to view invisible characters, choose View > Invisibles (Command+I/Ctrl+I.)

Alignment and indentations are both measured from the Text Inset field on the Text Box tab of the Measurements palette. The Text Inset value affects the four sides of a text box; it does not affect the inner columns of a text box.

Last Line Indent

 While building Table for Contents (TOC), it was not possible to define an indent spacing specifically for page numbers. As a result, if the Table of Contents contained multi-line chapter/section headings, the page number would wrap below the heading.

Now, using the 'Last Line' indent feature, a user can specify indent spacing for page numbers in the Table of Contents. The Last Line indent value is always less than or equal to the Right Indent value. (For example: if Right Indent is 10 pt, the Last Line indent can be between -10 pt to 0 pt.

Controlling leading

Leading is a measure of line spacing — the distance between text baselines in paragraphs. When you specify a leading value, it is applied to all lines in selected paragraphs. You can specify leading by four methods:

• Absolute leading sets the distance between baselines of text to a specific value, regardless of the size of characters on the lines. For example, if you specify an absolute leading value of 16 points for a paragraph, all baselines will be spaced 16 points apart. When specifying absolute leading, use a value that is the total vertical distance you want between text baselines.

• Proportional leading allows you to set the leading in terms of a percentage, dependent upon the font size. Each paragraph can then have a different leading depending on the largest font size in the paragraph. For example, if you specify a proportional leading value of 50% and the font size of the tallest character in the paragraph is 36 pt., all baselines will be spaced 54 points apart (36 plus 50% of 36). Using proportional leading can solve problems that can appear with text that contains inline graphics, inline boxes and inline tables. The boundary value limit for proportional leading is -100% to 5000%

  When importing Word documents, the text is automatically mapped using proportional leading.

• Incremental leading combines a base amount of auto leading with an absolute value specified in the Leading field. Incremental leading values must be preceded by a plus (+) or minus (–) sign.

• Auto leading means the application uses the value in the Auto Leading field (QuarkXPress/Edit > Preferences > Paragraph pane) to decide whether percentage-based or incremental auto leading occurs. The default — percentage-based — takes the base amount of auto leading and adds to it a fixed percentage of the largest font size on the upper line to determine the total amount of leading between an auto-leaded line and the line above it. The default value for percentage-based auto leading is 20%. To specify auto leading, enter auto or 0pt in the Leading field.

To set the alignment of selected paragraphs, do one of the following things: 

• Use the Leading controls in the Home or Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

  Use keyboard increments to automatically increase/decrease the value in this field. See "Palettes" for more information.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/Opt modifier to modify the leading.

• Use the keyboard commands.

Controlling space before and after paragraphs

Space Before and Space After controls let you specify the amount of space before and after selected paragraphs.

To set the space before and after selected paragraphs, use the Space Before Paragraph and Space After Paragraph controls in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

Controlling space between paragraphs using same style

Previously, whenever the user defined the Space Before and Space After in a paragraph style sheet and the same style sheet was applied on consecutive paragraphs, then both the spacings would get applied on the consecutive paragraphs. In such cases, if the user wanted to ignore the spacing between consecutive paragraphs, he had to locally select the paragraphs and edit the spacing values.

QuarkXPress provides a Space Between option to help define the Space between consecutive paragraphs having the same paragraph style sheet applied; using this option you can ignore the spacing or define a custom spacing value for such paragraphs. This feature is very useful while creating Table of Contents and bulleted/numbered lists.

• You can now ignore or apply different spacing between consecutive paragraphs having the same style applied. You may want to apply this when you have applied space before or space after or both on multiple paragraphs and want to ignore or customize the spacing between consecutive paragraphs.

• To apply Space Before/Space After on consecutive paragraphs having the same style sheet: Select 'Ignore' value in Space Between

• To ignore the spacing between consecutive paragraphs having the same style sheet: Set value to 0 in Space Between

• To reduce the spacing between consecutive paragraphs having the same style sheet: Define any custom value in Space Between

  Space Between attribute can be imported from Microsoft Word files, RTF files, XPress Tags files and can also be exported from QuarkXPress to any of these formats.

Controlling column flow

The Column Flow controls let you specify how text flows in relation to columns.

To set the column flow in selected paragraphs:

1. Use the Column Flow tab of the Measurements palette.

   

2. Define the following fields to specify the column flow:

   (A column block is any span/split column paragraphs that have similar column flow attributes applied.)

   • Flow Order - Select Continuous (the default flow order) to leave the selected paragraph in its original column or Restart to move the paragraph to the start of the column block. The Restart option can be selected either independently or along with the Span Columns option. When choosing Restart, the text in the paragraphs before the selected paragraph will be re-balanced among the columns.

   • Select Span/Split Columns to specify that you want to change the way the paragraph flows:

     • Type - select Span Columns to have the paragraph span across columns or Split Columns to have the paragraph split between 2 or more columns.

       You can use the Split Columns option to achieve a multi-column effect on selected paragraphs in a single-column box.

     • Columns - select the number of columns you want the paragraph to span, or be split into. For Span Columns you can choose All or a number from 2 to 30. (All refers to any number of columns in the text box which are 30 or above.) For Split Columns the value must be a number from 2 to 30.

     • Space Before - set the space before the selected paragraphs.

     • Space After - set the space after the selected paragraphs.

       Spacing between column blocks: If a column block has multiple paragraphs, then Space Before will be taken from first paragraphs and similarly Space After would be taken from the last paragraph of the block.

       If Space Before and/or Space After attributes are specified in both the Paragraph tab and the Column Flow tab of the Measurements palette, the larger value will be applied, they will not be added.

       Between two column blocks (span/span; span/ split; split/ split; split/ span), the Space Before and/or Space After values applied in Paragraph tab will be applied.

     • Gutter Width - set the gutter width for split columns.

   • Select Line Between to apply a separator line between columns, and use the drop-down menus for Style, Width, Color, Shade and Opacity to specify the appearance of the separator.

     This option is only available for Split Columns.

Keep option for Column Flow

• Keep paragraphs of different column spans together using Keep Lines Together and Keep with Next attributes.

• This feature will work with documents created in QuarkXPress 2020 and later i.e. having text version as 16.0 and higher (there will no change while opening or working with legacy documents). 

• You need to force the new text flow for legacy documents (Alt+Open) to use this feature.

Setting tabs

You can choose from six kinds of tab stops:

• Left aligns text flush left on the tab stop.

• Center aligns text centrally on that tab stop.

• Right aligns text flush right on the tab stop.

• Decimal aligns text on a decimal point (period).

• Comma aligns text on a first comma.

• Align On aligns text on any character you specify. When you select this tab, the Align On field displays. Select the existing entry, and enter the character to align on.

To define a tab stop: 

• Select a Tab stop and drag the tab stop over the tab ruler or type tab stop position in the Position field.

• Define Tab leaders using the Fill Character field if required. 

• Click Set to set up the tab stop.

• Use Clear All to clear all the tab stops.

To apply tabs to selected paragraphs: Use the controls in the Tabs tab of the Measurements palette. Using the Measurements palette conserves screen space, and you continuously see the effects updated as you change tab settings. You can drag tab icons to the ruler or drag tab icons directly into text. When you are dragging tabs to the ruler or to text, a vertical line displays on screen to help you decide where to position the tab.

Controlling widow and orphan lines

Widows and orphans are two kinds of typographically undesirable lines. Traditionally, a widow is defined as the last line of a paragraph that falls at the top of a column. An orphan is the first line of a paragraph that falls at the bottom of a column.

Using the Keep Lines Together feature, you can choose not to break paragraphs, so that if all the lines in a paragraph do not fit in a column or on a page, the whole paragraph will flow to the top of the next column or page. Alternatively, you can specify the number of lines that must be left at the bottom of a column or box, and at the top of the following column or box, when a paragraph is broken. Using the Keep with Next ¶ feature, you can keep a paragraph together with the paragraph that follows it. This lets you keep a subhead together with the paragraph that follows it, or keep other lines of text that logically go together from being separated.

It is common to specify Keep with Next ¶ for headline and subhead style sheets and specify Keep Lines Together (usually with Start and End parameters) for body text style sheets.

To turn the Keep Lines Together and Keep with Next ¶ features on or off for selected paragraphs, use the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

Creating and editing text shading styles

A text shading style is a named collection of text shading attributes. You can apply the attributes of a text shading style's to text by simply applying the style to the text.

To create a new text shading style or edit an existing one:

• Open the Text Shading Styles dialog, (Edit > Text Shading Styles).

  

• Choose an existing text shading style from the list and click Edit to edit it, or click New to add a new text shading style.

  Alternatively, you can use the Text Shading Styles (Window > Text Shading Styles) palette to create and edit text shading styles.

  The Edit Text Shading Style dialog displays.

  

• Enter a name for this text shading style in the Name field, or the application will use a default "New Text Shading Style" name.

• Define the attributes in the Shade tab:

  • Color: Choose a color for the text shading from the drop-down menu. Choose New from the menu to create a new color for the shading.

  • Shade: Enter or use the slider control to specify the shade of the color in terms of a percentage.

  • Opacity: Enter or use the slider control to specify the opacity value of the color from 0% (transparent) to 100% (opaque).

  • Length: Choose one of the following options from the drop-down: Indents (text shading will be applied to the entire line between the defined indents), Text (text shading will be applied only the length of the text in each line), or Column (shading will be applied to the entire length of the box).

  • Check Clip To Box to confine the text shading to the bounding box.

  • In the Offsets section, specify the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom offsets.

   

  Define Borders With ‘Text Shading Style’ 

  Clearly define your shaded text with borders across page-breaks. Now you can make sure your shaded text shows the bottom borderline for the first page and top borderline for the next page if the paragraph breaks.

  Define the attributes in the Border tab:

   

  

   

  • Width: Specify the width of the frame .

  • Style: Choose a frame style from the drop-down menu.

  • Color: Choose a color for the frame from the drop-down menu. Choose New from the menu to create a new color for the frame.

  • Shade: Enter or use the slider control to define the shade percentage.

  • Opacity: Enter or use the control to specify an opacity value from 0% (transparent) to 100% (opaque).

  • In the Offsets section, specify the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom offsets.

  • Display Border on Continued Paragraph: It is applicable for both continued paragraphs breaking across pages/ columns and for continuous paragraphs having same border-shading attributes where first ends in first column/page and the other starts with next column/page, then border shade text shows the bottom borderline for the first column/page and top borderline for the next column/page if the paragraph breaks.

  • Specify whether you want the frame to appear on the top, bottom, left and right of the selected text by clicking the buttons in the preview section. 

   

  Example of Display Border on Continued Paragraph:

  

Applying text shading

To apply shading to existing text:

1. Select the text to be shaded. To apply shading to an entire paragraph, place the cursor anywhere in the paragraph.

2. Do one of the following things:

   • Display the Text Shading Styles palette (Window > Text Shading Styles) and select a defined text shading style to apply to the text.

     

   • Use the controls in the Text Shading tab of the Measurements palette.

   • Apply a defined text shading style to either a character or paragraph style sheet and apply that style sheet to the text.

There is a difference between applying text shading to an entire paragraph, or to just selected text. When using the Text Shading tab of the Measurements palette, there is a drop-down menu allowing you to choose Paragraph or Text.

When using the Text Shading Styles palette, this is generally determined by what you selected before choosing a text shading style to apply, with a few exceptions.

• If you select the Apply to Paragraph button and then apply text shading, the text shading is applied to the complete paragraph even if text was previously selected.

• If you select the Apply to Character button and then apply text shading, the text shading is applied to the selected text. If text was not selected then the text shading will begin at the cursor and the shading will be visible as you start typing.

This is what applying text shading to selected text looks like. It appears that the shading is applied to each line individually, with the frame around each line:

This is what applying text shading to an entire paragraph looks like: 

You can choose to shade an entire paragraph and then shade selected text within that paragraph:

Kerning manually

To apply kerning between two characters, do one of the following things: 

• Use the Kern Amount controls in the Measurements palette.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/ Opt modifier to modify the size

• Use the keyboard commands.

Kerning automatically

To automatically kern text above a specific point size, display the Character pane of the Preferences dialog box , check Auto Kern Above, and enter a value in the field.

QuarkXPress uses kerning information that is built into the font (the font's kerning table). A kerning table contains a number of character pairs — "Ta," for example — and an associated kerning value for each pair in the table. You can't change a font's kerning table, but you can create a custom kerning table for any font using the Kerning pairs dialog box (Edit menu). You can use this dialog box to customize both horizontal (With-Stream) and vertical (Cross-Stream) space in kerning pairs.

You can create your own kerning tables in QuarkXPress.

Specifying hyphenation exceptions

In QuarkXPress, you can create language-specific lists of hyphenation exceptions. The Hyphenation Exceptions dialog box (Utilities > Hyphenation Exceptions > Edit) has a Language drop-down menu that lets you specify which language a hyphenation exception applies to. When a paragraph is automatically hyphenated, the application checks the list of hyphenation exceptions for the appropriate paragraph language.

Hyphenation exception files

Hyphenation exception lists can be stored in separate .xml files. These .xml files can than be imported into your project and also exported and shared with other users and projects. This allows the same list of hyphenation exceptions to be used in multiple projects.

Hyphenation exception files can be imported and applied at the layout level so different layouts in the same project can have separate .xml files applied. You apply the desired external hyphenation exception file to a layout through a Job Jacket, as a job jacket resource. (see "Job Jackets with hyphenation exceptions")

After you have applied a hyphenation exception file to a project, if you change anything in the .xml file, these changes will be reflected in the project the next time you open the project. In addition, any changes made to hyphenation exceptions in the project will be reflected in the linked .xml file.

Job Jackets with hyphenation exceptions

A new Hyphenation Exceptions resource has been added at the Job Jacket level. This feature allows users to share hyphenation exceptions among users who are creating projects from the same Job Jacket. A user can create number of hyphenation exception resources at the job jacket level. These resources are not available at the Job Ticket level but can be referenced in the layout item.

To add a hyphenation exceptions files as a Job Jacket resource:

1. Open the Job Jackets Manager dialog box (Utilities menu).

2. In the list on the left, open or create a Job Jackets file. The Resource categories in the Job Jackets file are listed in alphabetical order in the list on the upper right.

3. Select the desired target Job Jacket from the list on the left.

4. Select Hyphenation Exceptions from the list of Resources in the top-right list.

   

5. Click to add a hyphenation exception files as a resource. You can select this file to be the default hyphenation exception file. When there is no layout item at Job Ticket level, this will be the default hyphenation exception file applied to layouts defined in the Job Ticket.

6. Browse to and select the desired .xml file.

   The Hyphenation Exceptions resource item has three attributes:

   • Source: specifies the type of repository available from where the external hyphenation exceptions file could be selected for reference. The default value is File.

   • Path: shows the URI of the external hyphenation exceptions file. It allows the user to select the external hyphenation exceptions file to be referred to this hyphenation exceptions resource item. Depending upon the type of Source selected, the user is asked to select the external hyphenation exceptions file by invoking the source browser.

   • Default: used to designate this resource item as the hyphenation exceptions file if a job ticket defined in the job jacket does not have a layout item defined in it. The default value of this attribute is No. To make it default, change its value to Yes. Only one hyphenation exceptions resource item can be declared as the default.

Integrating with Quark Publishing Platform

To integrate a Job Jacket with an external hyphenation exceptions file checked into the Quark Publishing Platform server:

1. Open the Job Jackets Manager dialog box (Utilities > Job Jackets Manager) and click the open Job Jacket button . Select Quark Publishing Platform from the dropdown.

   

   The dropdown menu under the open Job Jacket button is only displayed when QuarkXPress is launched with the Quark Publishing Platform XTension. Select File to open a local Job Jacket and Quark Publishing Platform to open a Job Jacket from the server

2. Browse for the desired collection.

   

3. Select the desired Job Jacket and click OK.

   

4. Select Hyphenation Exceptions from the list of Resource types in the top-right list and click to add a hyphenation exception file as a resource.

5. Click the Source attribute and select Quark Publishing Platform from the dropdown menu.

   

6. Click the Browse button and select the desired hyphenation exceptions file and click OK.

Using discretionary hyphens

In addition to hyphenating text automatically, you can control line breaks and text flow by inserting manual, or discretionary, hyphens (Command+- [hyphen]/Ctrl+- [hyphen]). A discretionary hyphen is inserted only when a word is broken at the end of a line.

Tracking manually

To apply tracking to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Use the Track Amount controls in the Home or Character tab of Measurements palette.

• Use the ticker controls with or without Shift or Alt/ Opt modifier to modify the tracking

• Use one of the keyboard commands below.

Editing tracking tables

The application uses tracking information that is built into the font (the font's tracking table). You can't change a font's tracking table, but you can create a custom tracking table for any font by using the Font Tracking Tables dialog box (Edit menu).

Sending

Sending lets you fix the distance between the left edges of successive character bounding boxes in horizontal text, or the top edges of successive character bounding boxes in vertical text. You can apply sending by selecting text and entering an explicit measurement (such as 2mm or 8q) in the Track Amount field in the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette.

Creating and editing paragraph style sheets

A paragraph style sheet is a named package of paragraph and character attributes. You can apply all of a paragraph style sheet's formatting attributes to text by simply applying the style sheet to the text. To create, edit, duplicate, or delete paragraph style sheets, use the Style Sheets dialog box (Edit > Style Sheets).

To create a paragraph style sheet, choose Paragraph from the New drop-down button. The Edit Paragraph Style Sheet dialog box displays. Use the controls in this dialog box to configure the attributes of the style sheet.

First, configure the controls in the General tab:

• Name: Enter a name in this field, or the application will use a default "New Style Sheet" name.

• Keyboard Equivalent: To define a keyboard command for the style sheet, enter one in the Keyboard Equivalent field. You can enter any combination of Command, Option, Shift, or Control/Ctrl or Ctrl+Alt, along with a function or keypad key.

• If you define a keyboard equivalent for a style sheet with a key sequence that also defines an existing command, the style sheet command will override the existing command when the Text Content tool is selected and a text box is active.

• If you define a keyboard equivalent for a style sheet with a key sequence that also defines an existing command, the style sheet command will override the existing command when a text component is active.

• Based on: To base the attributes of a new style sheet on an existing one, click the Based on drop-down menu and choose a style sheet from the list. Note that if you use the Based on drop-down menu in the Edit Paragraph Style Sheet dialog box to base a style sheet on an existing one, changes you make to the original style sheet are automatically applied to those based on it.

• Next Style: To select a transition from one paragraph style sheet to another after entering a carriage return, choose a paragraph style sheet from the Next Style drop-down menu.

• Character Style: To associate a character style sheet with the paragraph style sheet, choose an option from the Character Style drop-down menu in the Character Attributes area. To create a character style sheet, see "Creating and Editing Character Style Sheets."

• Heading Style: To specify the Heading Level to be assigned to text exported to tagged PDF, select the desired heading level here.

Next, use the Formats, Tabs, Rules and Column Flow tabs to specify additional attributes for your paragraph style sheet. When you're done, click OK to return to the Style Sheets dialog box, then click Save to save the style sheet. After you save a paragraph style sheet, it is listed in the Paragraph Style Sheet submenu (Style menu) and also in the Style Sheets palette.

Updating paragraph style sheets

When you place the cursor in a paragraph that has uniform local formatting applied, you can update the style sheet applied to that text to include the local formatting by clicking the Update button . Alternatively, you can choose Style > Update Style Sheet > Paragraph.

To update both the paragraph style sheet and the character style sheet applied to text so that they reflect local formatting, choose Style > Update Style Sheet > Both.

Creating and editing character style sheets

A character style sheet is a named package of character attributes. You can apply all of a character style sheet's formatting attributes to text by simply applying the style sheet to the text. To create, edit, or delete character style sheets, use the Style Sheets dialog box (Edit > Style Sheets).

To create a character style sheet, choose Character from the New drop-down button. The Edit Character Style Sheet dialog box displays. Use the controls in this dialog box to configure the attributes of the style sheet.

First, configure the controls in the General tab:

• Name: Enter a name in this field, or the application will use the default "New Style Sheet" name.

• Keyboard Equivalent: To define a keyboard command for the style sheet, enter one in the Keyboard Equivalent field. You can enter any combination of Command, Option, Shift, or Control/Ctrl or Ctrl+Alt, along with a function or keypad key.

• Based On: To base the attributes of a new style sheet on an existing one, choose a style sheet from the Based On drop-down menu.

Next, choose character attributes from the lower section of the Edit Character Style Sheet dialog box. When you're done, click OK to return to the Style Sheets dialog box, then click Save to save the style sheet. After you save a character style sheet, it is listed in the Character Style Sheet submenu (Style menu) and also in the Style Sheets palette.

Updating character style sheets

When you select text that has uniform local formatting applied, you can update the style sheet applied to that text to include the local formatting by clicking the Update button . Alternatively, you can choose Style > Update Style Sheet > Character.

To update both the paragraph style sheet and the character style sheet applied to text so that they reflect local formatting, choose Style > Update Style Sheet > Both.

Applying style sheets

To apply a style sheet to selected text, do one of the following things:

• Choose the style sheet name from the Style > Paragraph Style Sheet submenu or the Style > Character Style Sheet submenu.

• Display the Style Sheets palette (Window menu) and then click the style sheet name in the palette.

• Use the keyboard command (if any) displayed next to the style sheet name in the Style Sheets palette.

In addition, the Style Sheets palette menu and the context menu for style sheets provide the following options:

• Apply Style Sheet & Retain Local Type Styles: Applies the selected style sheet, leaving only local type styles (such as bold and italic) intact.

• Apply Style Sheet & Retain Local Type Styles & OpenType Styles: Applies the selected style sheet, leaving both local type styles (such as bold and italic) and OpenType styles intact.

• Apply Style Sheet & Remove Local Formatting: Applies the selected style sheet and removes all local formatting. Equivalent to Option/Alt-clicking the style sheet name.

• Apply Style Sheet & Remove Local Paragraph Formatting: Applies the selected style sheet and removes only local paragraph formatting. All local character formatting is left intact.

• Apply Style Sheet & Maintain Appearance: Applies the selected style sheet, plus any local formatting necessary to maintain the paragraph's current appearance.

If you use one of the following commands, QuarkXPress applies the indicated paragraph style sheet to the selected text, then if that style sheet has a specified Next Style, applies that style to the following paragraph. Next style will be applied while selecting 'Apply Using Next Style' command even if current paragraph style sheet is defined as Next Style. Next style will not be applied while selecting 'Apply Using Next Style' command if No Style is defined as Next Style. The options for this feature are as follows:

• Apply Using Next Style: Applies style sheets using Next Style.

• Apply Using Next Style & Retain Local Type Styles: Applies style sheets using Next Style, leaving local type styles (such as bold and italic) intact.

• Apply Using Next Style & Retain Local Type Styles & OpenType Styles: Applies style sheets using Next Style, leaving both local type styles (such as bold and italic) and OpenType styles intact.

• Apply Using Next Style & Remove Local Formatting: Applies style sheets using Next Style, plus any local formatting necessary to maintain each paragraph's current appearance.

When local paragraph or character attributes exist in selected text, a plus sign displays next to the style sheet name in the Style Sheets palette. To remove local attributes, click No Style and then reselect the style sheet, or Option+click/Alt+click the style sheet name.

Appending style sheets

To import paragraph and character style sheets from a different article or project, choose File > Append, navigate to the target article or project file, then display the Style Sheets pane and import the style sheets you want.

If a style sheet from the source file has the same name as a style sheet in the target project, but is defined differently, the Append Conflict dialog box is displayed. You can use this dialog box to determine how such conflicts are handled.

Creating a conditional style

To create a conditional style:

1. Choose Edit > Conditional Styles. The Conditional Styles dialog box displays.

2. Click New. The Edit Conditional Style dialog box displays.

   

3. Enter a name for the conditional style in the Name field.

4. To begin building a rule, choose an option in the first column:

   • Apply: Use this option to apply formatting to text.

   • Go: Use this option to move to a different point in the text. The rule after a Go rule is applied beginning at the point where the Go rule stops.

   The option you choose in the first column determines which options are available in the other columns.

5. If you chose Apply in the first column, choose the paragraph or character style sheet you want to apply in the second column.

6. Use the next three columns to indicate which text to style or jump over. Start with the third column:

   • Up To: Moves forward and stops immediately before the indicated point.

   • Through: Moves forward and stops immediately after the indicated point.

   • Backwards To: Moves backward and stops immediately before the indicated point.

   • Backwards Through: Moves backward and stops immediately after the indicated point.

   The option selected in the fifth column controls whether all of these options are available in this column.

7. In the fourth column, indicate how many occurrences of the option in the fifth column to apply to or through.

8. In the fifth column, choose which entity to jump or format to or through:

   • Cursor Position: Choose this option to apply a paragraph style sheet to the current location without moving.

   • Conditional Style Marker: Choose this option to jump or format to the next conditional style marker. For more information, see "Conditional style markers."

   • Character: Choose this option to target a particular character, then enter the character in the next column. If you want to move to or through one of several characters, enter all of them with no characters between them. For example, if you enter "abc" here, the application will stop for "a", "b", or "c".

   • Number: Choose this option to jump or format to or through the next occurrence of a number.

   • Text: Choose this option to target a particular chunk of text, then enter the target text in the next column.

   • Number of Characters: Choose this option to format a particular number of characters.

   • Number of Words: Choose this option to format a particular number of words.

   • Beginning of the Sentence: Choose this option to format backwards to the beginning of the current sentence.

   • End of the Sentence: Choose this option to format through the end of the current sentence.

   • Beginning of the Paragraph: Choose this option to jump or format backwards to the beginning of the current paragraph.

   • End of the Paragraph: Choose this option to jump or format through the end of the current paragraph.

   • Next Paragraph: Choose this option to jump to or through the next paragraph.

   • Last Paragraph: Choose this option to jump to or through the final paragraph.

   • Number of Sentences: Choose this option to format a particular number of sentences.

   • End of the Story: Choose this option to jump or format through the end of the story.

   • Beginning of the Story: Choose this option to jump or format backwards to the beginning of the story.

   When you use text as part of a conditional style, you can also use special characters (see "Special character codes")

9. To add a rule, click the + button at the end of the first row. (To delete a rule, click the - button.)

10. To make the rules repeat, check Repeat Conditional Style At and choose an option:

    • Text: Choose this option to repeat when a particular chunk of text is found, then enter the target text in the field.

    • Character: Choose this option to repeat when a particular character is found, then enter the character in the next column. If you want to repeat at each instance of one of several characters, enter all of them with no characters between them. For example, if you enter "abc" here, the application will repeat when "a", "b", or "c" is encountered.

    • Conditional Style Marker: Choose this option to repeat when a conditional style marker is found.

    • Every Paragraph: Choose this option to repeat at the beginning of every paragraph.

11. Click OK.

Applying a conditional style

To apply a conditional style:

1. Display the Conditional Styles palette (Window menu).

   

2. Select the Text Content tool and select the target paragraphs or place the text cursor where you want the conditional styling to begin.

3. Click the name of the conditional style in the Conditional Styles palette.

Note that once you have applied a conditional style to text, that text will continue to be automatically formatted until you remove the conditional style. To remove a conditional style from a paragraph, select the paragraph or place the text insertion point in the paragraph, then click No Conditional Style in the Conditional Styles palette.

Removing conditional styles

There are two ways to remove conditional styles from text to which they have been applied:

• To remove the conditional styles from the selected paragraphs and revert the text to its underlying paragraph style sheets, choose Revert Selected Text to Base Styles from the Conditional Styles palette menu.

• To remove the conditional styles from the selected paragraphs and leave the styling applied by the conditional styles in place, click No Conditional Style in the Conditional Styles palette or choose Resolve Conditional Styles on Selected Text from the Conditional Styles palette menu.

Using conditional style markers

If there is no natural aspect of a text flow (such as a particular character or the end of a sentence) where you can stop or start the application of a conditional style, you can insert a zero-width character called a conditional style marker. For example, assume you have a plain text file that contains a series of multi-paragraph articles, each with a one-paragraph headline. You can still use conditional styles to format them, like so:

1. Insert a conditional style marker at the beginning of each headline. To insert a conditional style marker, choose Utilities > Insert Character > Special > Conditional Style Marker.

   

2. Create a conditional style that applies the Headline paragraph style sheet to the first paragraph and the Body style sheet until the next occurrence of a conditional style marker. At the bottom of the Edit Conditional Style dialog box, check Repeat Conditional Style At and select Conditional Style Marker.

   

3. Apply the conditional style to the text. Each article is automatically formatted.

   

Editing a conditional style

There are two ways to edit a conditional style:

• Choose Edit > Conditional Styles, select the conditional style, and then click Edit.

• Select the conditional style in the Conditional Styles palette and click Edit .

To delete a conditional style, use the Delete button in the Conditional Styles dialog box or select the conditional style in the Conditional Styles palette and click Delete .

Quick access to Bullets & Numbering

QuarkXPress has come up with new toggle buttons (list buttons) in the Home tab of measurement palette for text content mode. There are three buttons at the rightmost end of the palette for Bullets, Numbering, and Outline style.

On clicking over arrow icons on the right side of the bullet style, numbering style, and Outline style buttons, pop up menu for their styles will be invoked.

In the list, you can also view the actual Bullet character and the Numbering format used in that Bullet and numbering style respectively. 

In addition to the new quick buttons, QuarkXPress now has added a couple of default Bullet and Numbering styles such as Square Bullet Style, Check Mark Bullet Style, Lower Letter Numbering Style, and Lower Roman Numbering Style.

Working with bullet styles

A bullet style describes how a bullet should look, how far it should be from the text, and how it should be aligned.

To create a bullet style, choose Edit > Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles, then choose Bullet Style from the New button in the Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles dialog box. The Edit Bullet Style dialog box displays.

To control how the bullet is styled, choose an option from the Character Style drop-down menu. Choose Inherit from Paragraph to use the paragraph's character formatting for the bullet, or choose a character style sheet to use that character style sheet's formatting.

Enter the actual bullet character or characters in the Bullet Characters field.

If you are inheriting the bullet's formatting from the paragraph, you can change the size of the bullet character or characters using the Size field.

The Outset value controls how far the bullet is from the paragraph. You can specify this distance in Absolute units, or click Relative (in Ems) and specify the value in em spaces. The Relative (in Ems) option may be preferable when you will be using the bullet style with different-sized text.

Alignment controls how the bullet aligns to the outset point.

You can apply a bullet style in three ways:

• By choosing the bullet style's name from the •/123 menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette. If you do it this way, the bullet is positioned to the left of the paragraph's first line indent by its Outset value.

• By choosing an outline style that uses the bullet style from the •/123 menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette. If you do it this way, the bullet's position is controlled by the outline style. For more information, see "Working with outline styles."

• Associate the bullet style with a paragraph style sheet, then apply that style sheet to the text. For more information, see "Bullets, numbering, outlines, and style sheets."

Working with numbering styles

A numbering style describes how a number should look, what format it should have, how far it should be from the text, and how it should be aligned.

To create a numbering style, choose Edit > Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles, then choose Numbering Style from the New button in the Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles dialog box. The Edit Numbering Style dialog box displays.

To control how the numbers are styled, choose an option from the Character Style drop-down menu. Choose Inherit from Paragraph to use the paragraph's character formatting for the numbers, or choose a character style sheet to use that character style sheet's formatting.

Choose a number format from the Format drop-down menu.

If you want prefix or suffix characters around the number, enter them in the Prefix and Suffix fields.

If you are inheriting the numbers' formatting from the paragraph, you can change the size of the numbers using the Size field.

The Outset value controls how far each number is from the paragraph. You can specify this distance in Absolute units, or click Relative (in Ems) and specify the value in em spaces. The Relative (in Ems) option may be preferable when you will be using the numbering style with different-sized text.

You can apply a numbering style in three ways:

• Choose the numbering style's name from the •/123 menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette. If you do it this way, the numbers are positioned to the left of the paragraph's first line indent by its Outset value.

• Choose an outline style that uses the numbering style from the •/123 menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette. If you do it this way, the numbers' positions are controlled by the outline style. For more information, see "Working with outline styles."

• Associate the numbering style with a paragraph style sheet, then apply that style sheet to the text. For more information, see "Bullets, numbering, outlines, and style sheets."

To change the starting number of a paragraph, use the Bullets and Numbers tab of the Measurements palette, check Restart Numbering, and enter a starting number in the Start At field

Greek and Russian Numbering Formats

Four new numbering formats (two each for Greek and Russian languages) are added to the Numbering styles. It was a long pending demand from our customers to have these numbering formats support in QuarkXPress. These new numbering formats are well integrated with MS Word import and export from the application.

Working with outline styles

An outline style defines indents for up to nine indent levels. You can associate a bullet or numbering style with each level. You can also choose whether to include the numbers from previous levels, as you would in some types of outline.

To create an outline style, choose Edit > Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles, then choose Outline Style from the New button in the Bullet, Numbering, and Outline Styles dialog box. The Edit Outline Style dialog box displays.

Each outline style has nine levels, although you do not have to use all nine. Each level has an indent, which you can specify in the Indent field for that level. Indents are applied cumulatively; if level 1 has a 6 pt indent and level 2 has a 6 pt indent, a paragraph at level 2 is indented by 12 pt.

Outline style indents are applied on top of paragraph indents. If a paragraph has a left indent of 12 pt, and the indent for an outline style's first level is 6 pt, a paragraph at level 1 would visually be indented by 18 pt.

Each level can have a bullet or numbering style, or neither. To assign a bullet or numbering style to a level, choose an option in the Bullet or Numbering Style column for that level.

The Include Lower Levels/Separator column lets you choose to append the numbers from lower levels to the beginning of a number, and to specify how the numbers from the various levels are separated. For example, if you check this box for level 3 and specify a period as the separator, the numbering for level-3 text might look like this:

1.3.1 This paragraph is at level 3.

1.3.2 This paragraph is at level 3.

1.3.3 This paragraph is at level 3.

To change the character inserted between levels for a given level, double-click to the right of the Include Lower Levels/Separator check box and enter a new character or characters.

When you include numbers from lower levels and use left or center number alignment, there is a chance the numbers can extend to be longer than the number outset and potentially overlap the text. To address this possibility:

The Minimum Bullet/Number Distance from Text paragraph attribute can be found on the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette. If a number's length becomes longer than the number outset, the application moves the paragraph text to the right so that there is always this much distance between the number and the text.

Check the Include Trailing Zero option to include trailing zeros at the end of the number. For example, if you check this box and your outline has three levels, the numbering would look like this:

1.0.0 This paragraph is at level 1 of a 3 level outline.

1.1.0 This paragraph is at level 2 of a 3 level outline.

1.1.1 This paragraph is at level 3 of a 3 level outline.

There are two ways to apply an outline style to text:

• Choose the outline style's name from the •/123 menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

• Associate the outline style with a paragraph style sheet, then apply that style sheet to the text. For more information, see "Bullets, numbering, outlines, and style sheets."

Bullets, numbering, outlines, and style sheets

To associate a bullet, numbering, or outline style with a paragraph style sheet:

Enhanced the capability of Paragraph Style Sheet to be able to specify Indent Level for Outline Styles so that users can automate the creation of Outline Lists by using only the Style Sheets with proper Indent Levels. The Style Sheet will be aware of the Indent Level of list item. The users need this for creating Multi-Level TOC in Content Automation flow, as there is NO WAY to specify the indent level for entries in the auto-generated TOC. It also helps to automate the content flow through XPress-Tag files.

• Add a separate tab in Paragraph Style sheet dialog for Numbering, which includes all the numbering related options.

• The Level field will only become enabled when an Outline Style is selected.

• A new Start At option at style level.

• Provides a few options to restart the numbering automatically:

  • Restart Numbering After a specific Level. The User can select any of the available level/ Any Previous Level from the pop-up or can type the level number in the field.

  • Restart Numbering After intervening paragraph style. User can choose to Restart Numbering After any specified paragraph style sheet.

  • Uncheck the 'Restart Numbering After’ if you want to choose not to restart numbering. 

  

Using baseline grid

QuarkXPress versions 7.0 and earlier included a feature called Baseline Grid. The baseline grid was an evenly spaced series of invisible horizontal lines running from the top to the bottom of each page. Locking paragraphs to the baseline grid let you align baselines from column to column and from box to box, across a page and across spreads.

Since QuarkXPress 8.0, the Baseline Grid feature has been replaced by the Design Grid feature. For more information, see "Working with design grids."

Aligning text vertically

There are four options for positioning lines of text vertically within text boxes:

• Top: In top-aligned text boxes, lines of text are positioned in the box with the top of the first line positioned as specified in the First Baseline area.

• Centered: In center-aligned text boxes, lines of text are centered between the First Baseline's ascent and the bottom of the text box.

• Bottom: In bottom-aligned text boxes, lines of text are positioned with the last line flush with the bottom of the box.

• Justified: In justified text boxes, lines of text are positioned in the box with the first line positioned as specified in the First Baseline area, the last line flush with text inset at the bottom of the box, and the remaining lines justified between. When vertically justifying text, you can specify the maximum vertical distance between paragraphs.

To use these options, choose a Vertical Alignment option from the Text Box tab of the Measurements palette.

The Inter ¶ Max field (available only when Justified is selected in the Type drop-down menu) lets you specify the amount of space that can be inserted between vertically justified paragraphs.

Specifying text inset

Text inset lets you specify the distance that characters are inset from the inside edge of a text box. To specify the text inset for an active text box, use the Text Inset option in the Text Box tab of the Measurement palette.

To specify the same inset for all four sides, leave Multiple Insets unchecked and then enter a number in the All Edges field. To specify different insets for the four sides, check Multiple Insets and then enter numbers in the Top, Left, Bottom, and Right fields.

Specifying story direction

You can position text so that it runs left-to-right and top-to-bottom or top-to-bottom and right-to-left. To specify a story direction, choose Style > Story Direction, and then choose Horizontal or Vertical.

Running text around all sides of an item

To run text around all sides of an item, select a text box with either the Text Content tool or the Item tool , and then in the Text Box tab of the Measurements palette check Run Text Around All Sides option.

Running text around lines and text paths

To apply text runaround to a line or text path in front of a text box, select the line or text path, use the Runaround tab on the Measurements palette, and then choose an option from the Type drop-down menu:

• Choose None to run text behind the line or text path.

• Choose Item to run text around the line or text path. You can specify the distance text maintains from the top, bottom, left, and right edges of the selected item. If the selected item is a text path, other text will only run around the path, not the text on the path.

• Choose Manual to create an editable runaround path. You can specify a new path's distance from text, and then you can modify that path by choosing the appropriate field from the Runaround tab of the Measurements palette. For information about modifying a runaround path, see "Fine-tuning a runaround path" and "Editing a runaround path."

Running text around text boxes

To apply text runaround to a text box in front of another text box, select the front text box, and then:

Use the Runaround tab of the Measurements palette and choose an option from the Type drop-down menu

• Choose None to run text behind an active text box.

• Choose Item to run text around an active text box. If the text box is rectangular, enter values in the Top, Left, Bottom, and Right fields to outset or inset the runaround area. If the text box is not rectangular, a single Outset field is provided. 

Running text around pictures

Image editing applications can embed paths and alpha channels in an image. A path is a smooth Bézier shape, whereas an alpha channel is usually a grayscale image. Both paths and alpha channels are typically used to determine which parts of an image should be shown and which parts should be hidden or transparent.

If you import a picture that has an embedded path or alpha channel, you can use that path or alpha channel to control the way text runs around that picture. More specifically: The application can scan a path or channels and create a text runaround path based on the information.

To apply text runaround to a picture box in front of a text box, select the picture box, use the Runaround tab of the Measurements palette and choose an option from the Type drop-down menu:

To apply text runaround to a picture component in front of a text box, select the picture component, choose Style > Picture, click the Runaround tab, and then choose an option from the Type drop-down menu:

• Choose None to run text behind the active picture component.

• Choose Item to run text around the picture component's boundaries. If the picture component is rectangular, enter values in the Top, Left, Bottom, and Right fields to outset or inset the runaround area. If the picture component is not rectangular, a single Outset field is provided.

• Choose Auto Image to create a Bézier clipping and runaround path based on the picture's non-white areas.

• Choose Embedded Path to run text around a path embedded in an image by an image-editing application.

• Choose Alpha Channel to run text around an alpha channel embedded in an image by an image-editing application.

• Choose Non-White Areas to create a runaround path based on the picture's subject. Depending on the value in the Threshold field, the runaround path will outline a dark figure within a larger white or near-white background (or vice versa).

• Choose Same As Clipping to set the text runaround path to the clipping path selected in the Clipping tab.

• Choose Picture Bounds to run text around the rectangular "canvas area" of the imported picture file. This includes any white background areas saved with your original picture file. Enter values in the Top, Left, Bottom, and Right fields to determine the outset or inset of the text from the picture's boundaries.

To apply text runaround to a picture box in front of a text box, select the picture box, use the Runaround tab of the Measurements palette.

Runaround for Multiple Items (Boxes)

A step forward to increase the productivity of QuarkXPress customers and easy access to common and useful features. Applying Runaround to any item (Box) is one such feature. In general, a QuarkXPress document has lots of items in it and it was time-consuming to apply Runaround to multiple items individually.

QuarkXPress now allows you to apply Runaround to multiple items (or say grouped items) with a single click from the Runaround tab of measurement palette.

Fine-tuning a runaround path

When you choose Auto Image, Embedded Path, Alpha Channel, Non-White Areas, or Same As Clipping from the Type drop-down menu  in the Runaround tab of the Measurements palette, the following fields let you manipulate the runaround path:

1. Outset changes the size of the runaround path. Positive values result in a runaround path that is further from the original setting, negative values decrease the amount of image included in the runaround path.

2. Noise lets you specify the smallest allowable closed path. Any closed path smaller than the noise value is ignored. Noise values are useful for cleaning up runaround paths and making them easier to output.

3. Smoothness lets you control path accuracy. A lower value creates a more complex path with a greater number of points. A higher value creates a less accurate path.

4. Threshold determines how "white" is defined. All pixels defined as "white" are excluded. For example, if the Threshold value is 20%, and a pixel's gray value is below or at 20%, the pixel will be considered "white" and excluded from the runaround path.

Editing a runaround path

To adjust a runaround path, check Runaround (Item > Edit). The runaround path displays as a magenta outline. You can then edit the path as you would any Bézier object.

You can also change the types of the runaround path's points and segments with the controls in the Measurements palette. To change a point from one type to another, use one of the following three buttons:

• Symmetrical Point : A symmetrical point connects two curved lines to form a continuous curve. The result is similar to a smooth point, but the curve handles always rest on a straight line through the point and are always equidistant from the point.

• Smooth Point : A smooth point connects two curved lines to form a continuous curve. The curve handles always rest on a straight line through the point, but they can be distanced independently.

• Corner Point : A corner point connects two straight lines, a straight line and a curved line, or two noncontinuous curved lines. With curved lines, the corner point's curve handles can be manipulated independently, usually to form a sharp transition between the two segments.

To change the character of a line segment, use one of the following buttons:

• Straight Segment : Makes the active segment straight.

• Curved Segment : Makes the active segment curved.

Anchoring boxes and lines in text

When you anchor an item, it behaves like a character flowing in text. To anchor an item:

1. Select the Item tool , then select the item you want to anchor.

2. Choose Edit > Cut or Edit > Copy.

3. Select the Text Content tool and place the Text Insertion bar where you want to anchor the item.

4. Choose Edit > Paste to anchor the item at the text insertion point.

Cutting, copying, pasting, and deleting anchored boxes and lines

To cut or copy an anchored item, select the item as you would any text character and choose Edit > Cut or Edit > Copy. To paste the anchored item elsewhere, place the Text Insertion bar in a different location and choose Edit > Paste. To delete an anchored item, select the item or insert the Text Insertion bar after it, and press Delete/Backspace.

External anchors

If you want to anchor objects that should remain outside the boundaries of a text box or are wider than the text box you are trying to anchor it in, then use the Callout functionality.

Applying OpenType styles

OpenType styles can be applied through the OpenType Styles dialog in the Edit Character Style Sheet dialog.  

Click the OpenType icon  on the Edit Character Style Sheet dialog to displays the OpenType Styles dialog. 

If a font has OpenType features available, then the UI label for the corresponding OpenType feature will appear enabled in the OpenType dialog, otherwise the UI label will appear grayed out. The check box for the OpenType features are independent of the availability of the OpenType feature in the applied font. This allows the user to set the OpenType attributes during style sheet creation or modification. 

Click Reset to Default to reset your choices to the default choices applied to the style sheet.

OpenType styles include the following:

• Standard Ligatures: Apply ligatures that are designed to enhance readability and are in standard use.

• Discretionary Ligatures: Apply ligatures that are not in standard use. This feature covers the ligatures that may be used for special effect at the user's preference.

• Tabular Figures: Apply equal widths to numbers.

• Proportional Figures: Apply unequal widths to numbers.

• Small Caps: Apply small capital letters to lowercase text.

• All Small Caps: Apply small capital letters to all upper case, title case and lower case text.

• Lining Figures: Apply modern numeric styles that align better with text that is in all capital letters.

• Oldstyle Figures: Apply numeric styles that are best suited for numbers that are integrated into text.

• Italics: Apply italic glyphs.

• Fractions: Apply slashed fraction glyphs.

• Swashes: Apply calligraphic glyphs.

• Ordinals: Apply ordinal number glyphs.

• Titling Alternates: Apply capital letter glyphs designed for titles at larger point sizes.

• Contextual Alternates: Apply alternate glyph variations based on contextual juxtapositions of text.

• Localized Forms: Replace default forms of glyphs with localized forms. This feature is dependent on the text language of the base text.

• H\V Kana Alternates: Apply specially designed horizontal or vertical Kana forms that correspond with the story direction (vertical or horizontal).

• Position: Apply superscript, subscript, scientific inferior, numerator, and denominator glyphs to selected text.

• Alternate Metrics: Apply alternate widths or heights based on story direction (vertical or horizontal).

• Alternate Vertical Half Metrics: Fit glyphs to individual, proportional heights.

• Alternate Vertical Metrics: Center glyphs inside a full-em height.

• Proportional Alternate Metrics: Fit glyphs to individual, proportional widths.

• Full Widths: Replace glyphs set on other em widths with glyphs set on full-em widths.

• Half Widths: Replace full-em width glyphs with half-em width glyphs.

• Third Widths: Replace glyphs set on other em widths with glyphs set on third-em widths.

• Quarter Widths: Replace glyphs set on other em widths with glyphs set on quarter-em widths.

• Proportional Alternate Widths: Fit glyphs to individual, proportional widths.

• Alternate Forms: Apply alternate glyph forms, such as JIS2004, JIS78, JIS90, Simplified, and Traditional. These glyph forms are specially designed for some Japanese OpenType fonts.

• Slashed Zero : This feature allows the user to change from the default 0 to a slashed form.

• Ornaments: This feature allows the user to ornament glyphs in the font. 

• Stylistic Alternates: This feature replaces the default forms with the stylistic alternates.

• Historical Forms: This feature replaces the default forms with the historical alternates.

• Small Capitals From Capitals: This feature turns capital characters into small capitals.

• Case Sensitive Forms: This feature shifts various punctuation marks up to a position that works better with all-capital sequences or sets of lining figures; also changes oldstyle figures to lining figures.

• Capital Spacing: This feature allows the user to adjusts inter-glyph spacing for all-capital text.

• Stylistic Sets: This feature replaces the default forms with the stylistic set variants.

• Alternative Fractions: Replaces figure separated by a slash with an alternative form. Displays a fraction by using a horizontal dividing line (nut fraction) instead of a slant or slash. It is very useful to write mathematical expressions. It is available in the Alternate's subgroup under OpenType Styles.

  

• Petite Capitals: Some fonts contain an additional size of capital letters, shorter than the regular small caps to better harmonize with lowercase text than the taller small caps. This feature turns lowercase characters into petite capitals. Petite Capitals is available in Capitals subgroup under OpenType Styles. It will override all the other Capital OpenType features.

  

• Historical Ligatures: This feature replaces the default ligatures and character combinations with the corresponding historical ligatures. These ligatures were in common use in the past. Some fonts include the historical forms as alternates, so they can be used for a 'period' effect. It is available in the Ligature's subgroup under OpenType Styles.

  

Use the Find/Change dialog to search/replace text that has specified OpenType features applied; or search/replace OpenType features.

Using ligatures

There are two methods for using ligatures: The legacy method or the OpenType method. The legacy method supports standard ligatures such as fi and fl in PostScript fonts. The OpenType method allows access to both standard ligatures and discretionary ligatures in OpenType fonts. Both methods are applied as character attributes, meaning that you can apply them to any selected text.

• To apply ligatures to selected text using the legacy method, check Ligatures on the Character tab of the Measurements palette .

• To apply ligatures to selected text using the OpenType method, select text that uses an OpenType and then choose Standard Ligatures from the OpenType menu on the Home or Character tab of the Measurements palette . This will apply ligatures such as fi, fl, ff, ffi, ffl, fj, ffj, and th — if they are built into the font. In addition, you can choose Discretionary Ligatures to apply rare ligatures such as ct, sp, st, and fh. If either ligature option displays in brackets, the OpenType font in use does not support those ligature features. On Windows, you can also check Standard Ligatures and Discretionary Ligatures in the OpenType area of the Character Attributes dialog box.

Ligature preferences

You can set preferences for ligatures in the Character pane of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit > Preferences > Print Layout > Character):

• Break Above: The value in the field specifies a tracking or kerning value above which ligatures will break apart. At the default value of 1, if you track text +1 (1/200th of an em space), the ligatures revert to standard letters.

• Not "ffi" or "ffl": Check this box to prevent fi and fl ligatures in words such as "office" or "waffle" when ffi and ffl ligatures do not exist in the current font.

Working with OpenType Stylistic Sets

Some OpenType fonts with numerous alternate characters organize these alternates into Stylistic Sets. This eliminates the time-consuming task of selecting each alternate character individually to find which ones look best with which others.

OpenType Stylistic Sets allow you to instantly apply a group of related alternative characters to your text. Use the Measurements palette to choose from a number of available stylistic sets to apply to a whole selection of text at one time. QuarkXPress supports 33 OpenType Stylistic Sets.

Stylistic Sets enhancements:

• Added the ability to apply more than one stylistic set to text at the same time.

• Added the ability to display descriptive names of Stylistic Sets.

Use the Glyphs palette to access the available OpenType features in each font.

Inserting spaces

To insert a specific type of space — such as an em space — at the text insertion point, choose Utilities > Insert Character > Special > Em Space or Utilities > Insert Character > Special (nonbreaking) > Em Space. The options in the Nonbreaking Space submenu act as "glue" between two words or numbers, for example, preventing breaks from occurring between the two "glued" elements at the end of a line.

Inserting other special characters

To insert a special character other than a space — such as an em dash or a current page number placeholder character — at the text insertion point, choose Utilities > Insert Character > Special or Utilities > Insert Character > Special (nonbreaking).

Understanding design grids

A design grid is a sequence of nonprinting guidelines for aligning text and items.

Grid lines

Each design grid includes the following grid lines: bottomline, baseline, centerline, and topline. In addition, design grids include a full cell box, which makes it easy for you to align characters vertically or horizontally. You can align text and items to any of these grid lines.

Master page grids and text box grids

There are two kinds of default design grids: Master page grids and text box grids. Every page and every text box has a design grid associated with it. You can hide or show design grids for an entire layout by choosing View > Page Grids or View > Text Box Grids.

You can configure a page's design grid by displaying the page's master page and then choosing Page > Master Guides & Grid. You can control a text box's design grid by choosing Grid Settings from the text box's context menu.

For more information, see "Using a master page grid."

To use the baseline grid feature as it existed in QuarkXPress and QuarkXPress CopyDesk 7.x and earlier, show the baseline and hide the other grid lines.

Design grid basics

The following topics explain how to work with design grids. For information about grid styles, see "Working with grid styles."

Configuring a master page grid

To configure a master page grid, display a master page and then choose Page > Master Guides & Grid. The Master Guides & Grid dialog box displays.

• Under Margin Guides, use the Top, Bottom, Left, and Right fields to specify margin placement relative to the top, bottom, left, and right edges of the page. To synchronize the values in the Top and Bottom or Left and Right fields, click the chain icon next to the fields.

• Under Column Guides, enter a value in the Columns field to specify the number of columns on the master page. Enter a value in the Gutter Width field to define the space between columns.

• The Content Dimensions field displays the area inside the margin guides.

• To control the placement and spacing of the grid, use the controls in the Text Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Text Settings tab."

• To control the display of the grid, use the controls in the Display Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Display Settings tab."

• To preview changes as you make them, check Preview.

• To use the specifications of an existing master page grid, grid style, or style sheet, click Load Settings. For more information, see "Loading grid settings."

Configuring a text box grid

To configure a text box grid, Control+click/right-click the text box and choose Grid Settings. The Grid Settings dialog box displays.

• To control the placement and spacing of the grid, use the controls in the Text Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Text Settings tab."

• To control the alignment of cells, use the controls in the Cell Alignment tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Cell Alignment tab."

• To specify which grid lines display, use the controls in the Display Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Display Settings tab."

• To preview changes as you make them, check Preview.

• To use the specifications of an existing master page grid, grid style, or style sheet, click Load Settings. For more information, see "Loading grid settings."

Design Grids: Text Settings tab

To determine the size, scale, and position of a design grid, use the controls in the Text Settings tab. The Text Settings tab displays in the Master Guides & Grid, Edit Grid Style, and the Grid Settings dialog boxes.

If you check Preview, you can view the results of changes as you make them.

• Font Size: Enter a size to determine the height of each line in a design grid. This value also determines the full cell height and width.

• Vertical Scaling: Enter a percentage value to adjust the height of each line in a design grid, based on the font size.

• Font Scaling: Choose Horizontal or Vertical and enter a percentage of the font size in the field. If you choose Horizontal, this value determines the full cell width. If you choose Vertical, this value determines the full cell height.

• Line Spacing and Leading: The Line Spacing and Leading values determine grid spacing. Line spacing is based on the following formula: Font Size multiplied by Vertical Scaling plus Line Spacing equals Leading. For example, if Font Size is 12 pt, Vertical Scaling is 100%, and Line Spacing is 2 pt, then Leading is 14 pt.

• Line Spacing and Leading: The Line Spacing and Leading values determine grid spacing and cell spacing. Line spacing is based on the following formula: Font Size multiplied by Vertical font scaling or Horizontal font scaling plus Line Spacing equals Leading. For example, if Font Size is 12 pt, Vertical Scaling is 100%, and Line Spacing is 2 pt, then Leading is 14 pt.

• When a design grid is based on a paragraph style sheet, the Leading value is defined in the style sheet. The Leading value can be a specific number or, if the value is auto, it is derived from the Auto Leading value in the Paragraph tab of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit > Preferences). See "Loading grid settings" for information about linking style sheets to grid styles.

• Character Spacing and Sending: The Character Spacing and Sending values determine the horizontal Full Cell spacing in horizontal story direction and the vertical Full Cell spacing in vertical story direction.

• Baseline Position: Choose an option in this area to specify positioning for the baseline in the design grid.

To specify the offset origin, click Place at, choose Topline, Center (Up), Center (Down), or Bottomline in the from the drop-down menu, and then enter a percentage value in the field to specify the baseline position relative to the topline, centerline, or bottomline.

To read the offset origin from a font, click Read From Font and then select a font from the drop-down menu. The baseline defined for the selected font determines the baseline position for each line in the grid. The percentage value displayed below the font list indicates the relationship between the baseline and the bottomline in the font's design.

• Offset: To control where the first line of the design grid is placed on the page or in the box, choose Topline, Centerline, Baseline, or Bottomline and enter a measurement value in the field.

• Adjust: Click to display the Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box for master page grids. For more information, see "Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box."

• Adjust: Click to display the Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box for master page grids, or the Adjust Lines Within Box dialog box for text box grids. For more information, see "Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box."

• Lines within margin or Lines within box: This field displays the number of lines that can fit on a page or in a box, based on the settings above.

• Cells per line: This field displays the number of cells that can fit on a line, based on the settings above.

Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box

Use the Adjust Lines Within Margins dialog box (Master Guides&Grid > Adjust) to change the number of cells per line and the number of grid lines that fit within the margins of a master page.

Many of the controls in this dialog box are also in the Text Settings tab; changes are reflected in both locations.

• The Lines per page field displays the number of lines on a page. This value updates as you make changes.

• Click + or – next to a field to increase or decrease the number of lines on the page in one-line increments. For example, if the Lines per page value is 50, the Font Size value is 12 pt, and vertical font scaling is 100%, when you click + next to Font Size, the Lines per page value increases to 51 and the Font Size value decreases to 11.765 pt.

• Enter values in the Cells per line and Lines per page fields to change the number of cells and lines on a page.

When you click Adjust Margins, changes to the Cells per line and Lines per page fields affect the Content Height and Content Width values. When you click Adjust Spacing, changes to the Cells per line and Lines per page fields affect the Leading and Sending values.

• The increment bar displays a percentage (from 0 to +1) to indicate the fraction by which a grid pattern does not fit on the page. If the grid increments align perfectly, the increment bar displays 0. If the grid increments do not align perfectly with the page, an estimate of the fraction displays in the increment bar.

• The Characters per page field displays the number of characters that can fit on a page, based on the current values.

• Click Adjust Margins to adjust the Cells per line and Lines per page values based on changes to margin guide positions. Click one of the nine squares to anchor the base margin from which changes are calculated. The four outside squares anchor the top and left, top and right, bottom and left, and bottom and right margins. The middle squares anchor margins and link corresponding margins.

The Content Height and Content Width fields update according to your margin changes.

• Click Adjust Spacing to adjust the Cells per line and Lines per page values based on your changes to the Line Space and Character Space fields. The Leading and Sending values update according to your changes.

• Open Other Adjustments to access the Font Size, Offset, and Horizontal/Vertical scale controls. Changes to these values increase or decrease the Cells per line and Lines per page values.

• Click Reset to restore the values in all fields to the state they were in before you displayed the dialog box.

If you check Preview before displaying this dialog box, you can view the results of changes as you make them.

Adjust Lines Within Box dialog box

Use the Adjust Lines Within Box dialog box (Grid Settings > Adjust) to change the number of cells per line and the number of grid lines that fit within the text box. Many of the controls in this dialog box are also in the Text Settings tab; changes are updated in both locations.

• Enter values in the Cells per line and Lines in Box field to change the number of cells and lines in the active box.

• The increment bars display a percentage (from 0 to +1) to indicate the fraction by which a grid pattern does not fit in the box. If the Cells per line or Lines in Box increments align perfectly, the increment bar displays 0. If the grid increments do not align perfectly with the box, an estimate of the fraction displays in the increment bar.

• The Characters in Box field displays the number of characters that can fit in the active text box, based on the values in the Adjust Lines Within Box dialog box. This field is not editable.

• Click Adjust Text Box Size to automatically adjust the size of the text box to accommodate the Cells per line and Lines in Box value changes. The Box Width and Box Height fields update according to your changes.

• Click Adjust Spacing to adjust the Cells per line and Lines per Box values based on your changes to the Line Space and Character Space fields. The Leading and Sending values update according to your changes.

• Open Other Adjustments to access the Font Size, Offset, and Horizontal/Vertical scale controls. Changes to these values increase or decrease the Cells per line and Lines per Box values.

• Click Reset to restore the values in all fields to the state they were in before you displayed the dialog box.

If you check Preview before displaying the Adjust Lines Within Box dialog box, you can view the results of changes when you close the dialog box.

Design grids: Display Settings tab

 A design grid includes separate lines to indicate the topline, the centerline, the baseline, the bottomline, and the full cell box.Use the controls in the Display Settings tab to show or hide grid lines and to specify grid line color, width, and style. The Display Settings tab displays in the Master Guides & Grid, Edit Grid Style, and the Grid Settings dialog boxes.

• Check Show <grid line type> to display each type of grid line when the grid is displayed.

• Click the Color box to specify a color for each grid line.

• Choose a width from the Width drop-down menu.

• Choose a style from the Style drop-down menu.

• Choose a cell shape from the Shape drop-down menu.

• Master Guides & Grid dialog box only: To specify the master page grid boundaries, choose Within Margins, To Page, or Pasteboard from the Show Grid drop-down menu.

Design grids: Cell Alignment tab

Use the Cell Alignment tab to specify how cells are aligned within the grid.

Working with grid styles

A grid style includes grid attributes you can apply to a text box or use as the basis for a master page grid or another grid style.

Creating grid styles

To create, edit, duplicate, or delete grid styles, use the Grid Styles dialog box (Edit > Grid Styles).

When you click New, Edit, or Duplicate in the Grid Styles dialog box, the Edit Grid Style dialog box displays.

• To specify a name for the grid style, enter a value in the Name field.

• To control the placement and spacing of the grid, use the controls in the Text Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Text Settings tab."

• To control the alignment of the full cell to the grid, use the controls in the Cell Alignment tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Cell Alignment tab."

• To specify which grid lines display, use the controls in the Display Settings tab. For more information, see "Design grids: Display Settings tab."

• To use the specifications of an existing master page grid, grid style, or style sheet, click Load Settings. For more information, see "Loading grid settings."

When you create a grid style with no projects open, that grid style becomes part of the default grid style list and is included in all subsequently created projects.

Using design grids

After you apply design grids to text boxes or configure master page grids, you can use the grids for alignment. You can visually align items with design grids, and you can choose View > Snap to Page Grids to force items you move to align with master page grids.

Rubi alignment options

The Rubi Alignment options in the Text tab of the Rubi dialog box (Style menu) are:

• Left: Aligns rubi text with the left side of base text in a horizontal story.

• Centered: Aligns rubi text with the center of base text in a horizontal or vertical story.

• Right: Aligns rubi text with the right side of base text in a horizontal story.

• Top: Aligns rubi text with the top of base text in a vertical story.

• Bottom: Aligns rubi text with the bottom of base text in a vertical story.

• Justified: Centers rubi text above or next to base text as shown in the diagram below.

• Forced: Aligns rubi text flush with the left and right of base text in a horizontal story, or flush with the top and bottom of base text in a vertical story.

• 1–2–1 (JIS) Rule: Aligns rubi text with base text according to a 1:2:1 ratio, leaving a certain amount of space at the beginning and end of the line of rubi text.

• Equal Space: Aligns rubi text so that the space at the beginning of the line of rubi text, the space at the end of the line of rubi text, and the spaces between each rubi text character are equal.

• 1 Rubi Space: Aligns rubi text so that the space at the beginning of the line of rubi text and the space at the end of the line of rubi text are equal to the width of one rubi text character but not equal to the spaces between each rubi text character. The spaces between rubi text characters are distributed evenly.

Mono rubi

To control the placement of individual rubi text characters, insert a backslash or Japanese Yen sign between rubi text characters in the Rubi Text field of the Rubi dialog box (Style menu).

For example, if you select two base text characters that are associated with three rubi text characters, and you want only the first rubi text character to be placed over the first base text character and the other two to be placed over the second base character, insert a backslash between the first and second rubi text characters. Backslashes correspond with the spaces between base text characters, so you can place as many rubi text characters between backslashes as you want.

Rubi base alignment options

You can apply Base Alignment options only when rubi text overhangs the base text. The Base Alignment options are:

• None: No base text alignment is applied.

• Left: Aligns base text with the left side of rubi text in a horizontal story.

• Centered: Aligns base text under or next to rubi text so that rubi text has equal overhang on each side of the base text.

• Right: Aligns base text with the right side of rubi text in a horizontal story.

• Top: Aligns base text with the top of rubi text in a vertical story.

• Bottom: Aligns base text with the bottom of rubi text in a vertical story.

• Justified: Centers base text under or next to rubi text as shown in the diagram below. (Note that this diagram assumes that Rubi Overhang is set to None. If rubi text is set to overhang by a particular amount, the rubi characters extend beyond the left and right edges of the base character sequence by that amount, and the base characters are justified in the remaining space.)

• Forced: Aligns base text flush with the left and right of rubi text in a horizontal story, or flush with the top and bottom of rubi text in a vertical story. (Note that this diagram assumes that Rubi Overhang is set to None. If rubi text is set to overhang by a particular amount, the rubi characters extend beyond the left and right edges of the base character sequence by that amount, and the base characters are force-justified in the remaining space.)

• 1–2–1 (JIS) Rule: Aligns base text with rubi text according to a 1:2:1 ratio, leaving a certain amount of space at the beginning and end of the line of base text.

• Equal Space: Aligns base text so that the space at the beginning of the line of base text, the space at the end of the line of base text, and the spaces between base text characters are equal. (Note that this diagram assumes that Rubi Overhang is set to None. If rubi text is set to overhang by a particular amount, the rubi characters extend beyond the left and right edges of the base character sequence by that amount, and the base characters are distributed in the remaining space.)

Rubi overhang options

The Overhang Rubi options in the Text tab of the Rubi dialog box (Style menu)let you control how far rubi text characters overhang on either side of a base text character that is unrelated to overhanging rubi text characters. The colored diagrams below demonstrate the different Overhang Rubi options. Yellow signifies base text and rubi text that are related to each other. Blue signifies base text that is unrelated to the overhanging rubi text.

• None: No overhang is allowed.

• Up to 1 Rubi Character: Allows the full width of a rubi text character to overhang an unrelated base text character.

• Up to ½ Rubi Character: Allows ½ the width of a rubi text character to overhang an unrelated base text character.

• Up to 1 Base Character: Allows the full width of a base text character to be placed under unrelated rubi text characters.

• Up to ½ Base Character: Allows ½ the width of a base character to be placed under unrelated rubi text characters.

• Unrestricted: Allows overhang without any restrictions.

Creating hanging character classes

Use the Edit Hanging Character Class dialog box (Edit > Hanging Characters > New > Class) to specify the characters to be included in a hanging character class, the hang percentage of the class, and whether the class is leading or trailing.

Enter characters in the Characters pane. Then choose a percentage from the Hang drop-down menu. The hang percentage specifies what percentage of the glyph width should always hang over the margin or what percentage of the glyph width should always indent. For example, if you choose –50%, the characters in the character class indent inside of the margin by half of their glyph width. If you choose 100%, the characters in the character class hang outside of the margin by their full glyph width.

Next, choose whether the character class is Leading or Trailing. Characters in a Leading class hang over the beginning margin. Characters in a Trailing class hang over the end margin.

Creating hanging character sets

Use the Edit Hanging Character Set dialog box (Edit > Hanging Characters > New > Set) to specify the hanging character classes to be included in a hanging character set.

The center pane of the dialog box displays all of the available hanging character classes that can be added to a hanging character set. Check the boxes next to the classes you want to add, give the hanging character set a name, and then click OK.

To edit a hanging character class before saving the new hanging character set, select the class and click Edit Class.

Applying hanging character sets

To apply a hanging character set to text, choose an option from the Hanging Character Set drop-down menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

To apply a hanging character set to a paragraph style sheet, choose an option from the Hanging Character Sets drop-down menu in the Formats tab of the Edit Paragraph Style Sheet dialog box (Edit > Style Sheets > New > Paragraph or Edit > Style Sheets > Edit).

Creating and editing Mojigumi character classes

A Mojigumi character class is a named set of punctuation characters that is designed to be used with a Mojigumi set (for more information, see "Working with Mojigumi sets and classes"). You can create custom Mojigumi character classes, or you can use the default Mojigumi character classes that come with the software.

To create a custom Mojigumi character class:

1. Choose Edit > Mojigumi > Character Classes. The Mojigumi Character Classes dialog box displays.

2. Click New. The Edit Mojigumi Character Class dialog box displays.

3. Enter a name in the Name field.

4. Enter characters in the OpenPunctuation field, the Close Punctuation (Paren) field, the Close Punctuation (Kutoh-ten) field, and the Middle Punctuation field.

5. Click OK.

6. Click Save.

Creating and editing Mojigumi sets

A Mojigumi set is a set of specifications that can be associated with a Mojigumi character class and then applied to paragraphs. For more information, see "Working with Mojigumi sets and classes."

To create a Mojigumi set, choose Edit > Mojigumi > Sets to display the Mojigumi Sets dialog box. Next, click New. When the Edit Mojigumi Set dialog box displays, enter a name in the Name field and then choose a Mojigumi character class from the Class drop-down menu.

The settings in the Edit Mojigumi Sets dialog box let you control the width or spacing for characters in the specified Mojigumi character class. You can also control which adjustments take priority.

• Name: Displays the name of the Mojigumi set being edited.

• Units: Specify the units that you prefer to see in this dialog.

• Class: Displays the name of the Mojigumi character class being edited.

Open Punctuation

• Begin Line: Specify character width or spacing for opening punctuation that falls at the beginning of a line.

• Mid Line: Specify character width or spacing for opening punctuation that falls in the middle of a line.

• Begin Paragraph: Specify character width or spacing for opening punctuation that falls at the beginning of a paragraph. This setting takes priority over the Begin Line setting.

Close Punctuation

• Mid Line (Parens): Specify character width or spacing for closing punctuation that falls in the middle of a line.

• Mid Line (Kutoh-ten): Specify character width or spacing for Kutoh-ten that falls in the middle of a line. Kutoh-ten is a Japanese word meaning "period and comma."

• End Line: Specify character width or spacing for closing punctuation that falls at the end of a line.

Middle Punctuation

• Begin Line: Specify character width or spacing for middle punctuation that falls at the beginning of a line.

• Mid Line: Specify character width or spacing for middle punctuation that falls in the middle of a line.

• End Line: Specify character width or spacing for middle punctuation that falls at the end of aline.

• Begin Paragraph: Specify character width or spacing for middle punctuation that falls at the beginning of a paragraph. This setting takes priority over the Begin Line setting.

Contiguous Punctuation

• Open — Open: Specify character width or spacing for adjacent opening punctuation. For example: ((

• Close (Parens) — Open: Specify character width or spacing for adjacent closing and opening punctuation. For example: )(

• Kutoh-ten — Open: Specify character width or spacing for Kutoh-ten that is adjacent to opening punctuation. Kutoh-ten is a Japanese word meaning "period and comma." For example:. (

• Close — Close: Specify character width or spacing for adjacent closing punctuation. For example: ))

• Close — Middle: Specify character width or spacing for adjacent closing and middle punctuation. For example: ;)

• Middle — Open: Specify character width or spacing for adjacent middle and opening punctuation. For example: (:

CJK & R Space

Specify the character spacing for Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters that are adjacent to Roman characters. This feature overrides the percentage in the Space between CJK & R field in the Character panes of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit > Preferences). However, this affects only the characters in the Mojigumi character set.

Character Width Setting, Character Space Setting

Specify the character width or spacing for Open Punctuation, Close Punctuation, Middle Punctuation, and Contiguous Punctuation.

• Fixed Full Width: Specify the character width to a fixed full-em width.

• Fixed Half Width: Specify the character width to a fixed half-em width.

• Full Width to Half Width: Specify the character width to a full-em width, but allow characters to be squeezed down to a half-em width.

• Half Width to Full Width: Specify the character glyph width to a half-em width, but allow characters to be stretched up to a full-em width.

• Full Width or Half Width: Allow characters to fit either a full-em width or a half-em width. Full width has priority.

• Half Width or Full Width: Allow characters to fit either a half-em width or a full-em width. Half width has priority.

• Full Width Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a full-em width.

• Half Width Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a half-em width.

• Full Width to No Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a full-em width, but allow spaces to be squeezed to no-em width.

• Half Width to No Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a half-em width, but allow spaces to squeeze to no-em width.

• None to Half Width Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to no-em width, but allow spaces to be stretched to a half-em width.

• Quarter Width Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a quarter-em width.

• Quarter Width to No Space: Specify the space between character glyphs to a quarter-em width, but allow spaces to be squeezed to no-em width.

Priority

Specify the order in which Mojigumi spacing adjusts.

• High: Adjust first.

• Mid: Adjust second.

• Low: Adjust last.

Preview

Enable or disable an editable preview of the width and spacing settings.

Applying Mojigumi sets

To apply a Mojigumi set to a paragraph, choose its name from the Mojigumi Sets drop-down menu in the Paragraph tab of the Measurements palette.

To apply a Mojigumi set to a paragraph style sheet, choose the Mojigumi set name from the Mojigumi Sets drop-down menu in the Format tab of the Edit Paragraph Style Sheet dialog box (Edit > Style Sheets > New > Paragraph or Edit > Style Sheets > Edit).

Mapping for projects that use UDA/VDA characters

When you open a project created in a Chinese version of QuarkXPress 3 or 4, QuarkXPress automatically highlights all UDA/VDA characters to indicate that they should be checked to make sure they display the proper glyph. You can turn off this highlighting by unchecking the Highlight characters defined by Traditional Chinese font vendors box in the Fonts pane of the Preferences dialog box(QuarkXPress/Edit >Preferences).

If a project's highlighted glyphs display incorrectly, you may need to map the characters in that project to Unicode using a mapping table. A mapping table is a text file that tells QuarkXPress how to convert text that uses a particular flavor of encoding to Unicode. Each mapping table contains a list of encoding-specific code points and their corresponding Unicode codepoints.

If you know that a pre-8.0 project uses (for example) the Hong Kong Big5 encoding, you can use a Hong Kong Big5 mapping table to convert its characters to Unicode when you first open the project in QuarkXPress 8.0 or later. QuarkXPress ships with several such mapping tables. To use one of these included mapping tables, first navigate to the "CustomMappingTables" folder:

• macOS: [DRIVE]:Library:Application Support:Quark:QuarkXPress[version]:CustomMappingTables

• Windows: [DRIVE]:\ProgramData\Quark\QuarkXPress[version]\CustomMappingTables

Within this folder are the following mapping table files:

• chinsimpmac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Simplified Chinese encodings.

• chintradbig5.txt: Used for legacy files that use Traditional Chinese encodings.

• japanesemac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Japanese encodings

• japanesewin.txt: Used for legacy files that use Windows Japanese encodings.

• koreanmac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Korean encodings.

• koreanwin.txt: Used for legacy files that use Windows Korean encodings.

As installed, these mapping tables contain instructions for creating custom mappings, but they do not include any actual mappings. To utilize a special mapping, you must replace one of these files with a file that does contain mappings for a particular type of encoding. You can find such files in the folders in the "LegacyMappingTables" folder (inside the "CustomMappingTables" folder):

• Hong Kong: Contains a "chintradbig5.txt" file that maps Hong Kong Big5 characters to Unicode.

• Korean: Contains a "koreanmac.txt" file that maps Mac OS X Korean characters to Unicode.

• Taiwanese: Contains a "chintradbig5.txt" file that maps Taiwan Big5 characters to Unicode.

For example, if you have a pre-8.0 project that uses the Hong Kong Big5 encoding, copy the "chintradbig5.txt" folder from the LegacyMappingTables/Hong Kong folder to the "CustomMappingTables" folder, replacing the existing "chintradbig5.txt" file (you may want to save a copy of the original "chintradbig5.txt" file elsewhere). Then quit QuarkXPress, relaunch, and open the project. When you open the project, QuarkXPress uses the Hong Kong-specific mapping table to convert the project's Big5 text to Unicode.

Mapping for projects that use custom characters

If characters in a legacy project use an extended code range, those characters may display incorrectly when you open that project in QuarkXPress 8.0 or later. To fix this problem, you can change the way the problematic characters are mapped to Unicode characters by using a custom mapping table. A mapping table is a text file that tells QuarkXPress how to convert text that uses a particular flavor of encoding to Unicode. Each mapping table contains a list of encoding-specific code points and their corresponding Unicode code points.

To create a mapping table, first navigate to the "CustomMappingTables" folder:

• macOS: [DRIVE]:Library:Application Support:Quark:QuarkXPress[version]:CustomMappingTables

• Windows: [DRIVE]:\Documents and Settings\ProgramData\Quark\QuarkXPress[version]\CustomMappingTables

Within this folder are the following mapping table files:

• chinsimpmac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Simplified Chinese encodings.

• chintradbig5.txt: Used for legacy files that use Traditional Chinese encodings.

• japanesemac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Japanese encodings.

• japanesewin.txt: Used for legacy files that use Windows Japanese encodings.

• koreanmac.txt: Used for legacy files that use Mac OS X Korean encodings.

• koreanwin.txt: Used for legacy files that use Windows Korean encodings.

As installed, these mapping tables contain instructions for creating custom mappings, but they do not include any actual mappings. To create custom mappings, open the file that corresponds to the encoding used by the target project, and then follow the instructions in the file to create the mappings you need. Then quit QuarkXPress, relaunch, and open the project. When you open the project, QuarkXPress uses your custom mapping table to convert the project's characters to Unicode.

Make Fraction

The Make Fraction command (Style > Type Style) enables you to format fractions automatically. This command becomes active when a fraction is selected or the cursor is placed adjacent to (and on the same line as) the characters that make up the fraction. Examples of fractions that could be formatted are: 11/42, 131/416, and 11/4x.

To convert characters into a fraction, select the characters and choose Style > Type Style > Make Fraction.

The characters in the fraction are converted using Baseline Shift and the formatting specified in the Fraction/Price tab of the Preferences dialog box (QuarkXPress/Edit > Preferences > Application > Fraction/Price).

Make Price

The Make Price command (Style > Type Style) enables you to format prices automatically. This command is available when text that can be formatted as a price (such as $1.49, £20.00, and a.bc) is selected or the cursor is adjacent to (and on the same line as) any of the characters. A price must contain a radix (decimal symbol), which is indicated by a period or comma. Characters before and after the radix can be only letters or numbers.

To convert characters to a price, select the characters you want to format and choose Style > Type Style > Make Price.

When you apply Make Price, QuarkXPress automatically applies the superior type style to the characters that follow the radix.

The appearance of converted fractions and prices is determined by the values and selections entered in the Fraction/Price tab of the Preferences dialog box (Edit > Preferences > Application > Fraction/Price).

Word Space Tracking

The Word Space Tracking feature enables you to apply tracking to word spaces only. (Tracking values are normally applied between both characters and words.) This feature can only be accessed through keyboard commands.

Line Check

Use the Line Check feature to find widows, orphans, loosely justified lines, lines that end with a hyphen, and text box overflow. Line Check (Utilities > Line Check) moves through a document, highlighting questionable lines.

To specify what Line Check should look for, display the Search Criteria dialog box (Utilities > Line Check > Search Criteria) and check the categories of undesirable typography you want to search for:

• Loose Justification is a justified line containing word or character spaces that exceed the maximum word or character space values in the hyphenation and justification specifications applied to the paragraph.

• An Auto Hyphenated line ends with a hyphen placed by the automatic hyphenation function.

• A Manual Hyphenated line ends with a hyphen entered by a user.

• A Widow is the last line of a paragraph, less than a full measure wide, that falls at the top of the following column or page.

• An Orphan is the first line of a paragraph that falls at the bottom of a column or page.

• Text Box Overflow occurs when text cannot be displayed within its text box. This condition is represented by an overflow symbol in the lower right corner of a text box.

To search the entire document, place the cursor somewhere in the text and choose Utilities > Line Check > First Line. To search from the location of the cursor to the end of the document, place the cursor where you want to start the search and choose Utilities > Line Check > Next Line or press Command+;/Ctrl+;. To continue the search, press Command+;/Ctrl+;.

Custom Underline

The Custom Underline feature lets you customize the color, shade, width, and offset of underlines. Custom underlines behave much like type style underlines, but can be customized with more control over the underline attributes.

Custom underline styles work much like style sheets. To create, edit, or delete an underline style, choose Edit > Underline Styles. To apply a custom underline style, choose its name from the Style > Type Style > Underline Styles submenu.

To apply a custom underline, select the text you want to underline and choose  Style > Type Style > Underline Styles > Custom . In the Underline Attributes dialog box, you can specify the color, shade, width, and offset of the underline.

To remove a custom underline, select the text and then choose Style > Type Style > Underline Styles > Remove Custom Underline.

Creating a destination

A destination contains a URL that a hyperlink can point to. To create a destination:

1. Choose Window > Hyperlinks. The Hyperlinks palette displays.

   • To specify the URL manually, choose URL, and then either type the URL in the URL field or use the Select button to create a path to a particular file. (Keep in mind that you must make sure the path is still valid in the exported HTML page.) You can choose from four common protocols using the drop-down menu next to the URL field.

   • To link to a different page in the same layout, choose Page from the Type field and then choose a page from the Page drop-down menu.

   • To link to a particular anchor in the same layout, choose Anchor from the Type field and then choose an anchor from the Anchor drop-down menu.

2. Click OK. (If you are adding multiple destinations, press Shift while you click OK, and the New Hyperlink dialog box will remain open.)

   

Creating an anchor

An anchor is simply a pointer to a specific place in a layout. To create an anchor:

1. Choose Window > Hyperlinks. The Hyperlinks palette displays.

   • Click the New Anchor button in the Hyperlinks palette.

   • Choose Style > Anchor > New.

   • Display the Hyperlinks palette menu and choose New Anchor.

   • Display the context menu for the selected text or item and choose Anchor > New.

2. Enter a name for the anchor in the Anchor Name field or choose an unused anchor name from the drop-down menu.

3. Click OK.

   

Creating a hyperlink using an existing destination

A hyperlink is a text string, box, or line that points to a particular destination. To create a hyperlink using an existing destination, select the range of text or picture box you want to use as the hyperlink, and then do one of the following:

• Click a destination in the Hyperlinks palette.

• Choose Style > Hyperlink > [destination].

• Display the context menu for the selected text or item and choose Hyperlink > [destination].

Creating a hyperlink from scratch

A hyperlink is a text string, box, or line that points to a particular destination. To create a hyperlink and a destination at the same time:

1. Select the range of text or item you want to use as the hyperlink.

   • Click the New Hyperlink button in the Hyperlinks palette.

   • Choose Style > Hyperlink > New.

   • Display the context menu for the selected text or box and choose Hyperlink.

   • To specify the URL manually, choose URL, and then either type the URL in the URL field or use the Select button to create a path to a particular file. (Keep in mind that you must make sure the path is still valid in the exported HTML page.) You can choose from four common protocols using the drop-down menu next to the URL field.

   • To link to a different page in the same layout, choose Page and then choose a page from the Page drop-down menu.

   • To link to a particular anchor in the same layout, choose Anchor and then choose an anchor from the Anchor drop-down menu.

2. Click OK.

Showing links in the Hyperlinks palette

The Show buttons and drop-down menu in the Hyperlinks palette let you control what is displayed in the palette's scroll list:

• Click the Show Destinations button to show destinations.

• Click the Show Anchors button to show anchors.

• Click the Show Page Links button to show links to pages in this layout.

• Choose Name to show items in the list by their names, or choose Link to show items in the list by their URL.

Formatting hyperlinks

By default, hyperlinked text is underlined and colored according to the default colors defined in the Preferences dialog box (Print Layout or Digital Layout > General). You can override the default appearance of individual hyperlinks by selecting the specific word(s) in the hyperlink and applying the desired formatting (color, size, and font).

If you change the formatting of a paragraph that contains hyperlinked text, the hyperlinks will reflect the font and font-size changes of the paragraph, while retaining their default color and underlined text formatting.

Editing and deleting destinations

To edit the name or URL of a destination, select the destination in the Hyperlinks palette and click the Edit button . Any changes you make apply to all hyperlinks in this layout that use the destination.

To delete a destination, select the destination in the Hyperlinks palette and click the Delete button . All hyperlinks to this destination are removed from the layout.

Alternatively, you can edit and delete destinations using the Hyperlinks dialog box (Edit menu).

Editing and deleting anchors

To edit the name of an anchor, select the anchor in the Hyperlinks palette and click the Edit button . You can edit the name of the anchor and the anchor itself. If an anchor does not have a name, only the anchor displays in the Hyperlinks palette.

To delete an anchor, select the anchor in the Hyperlinks palette and click the Delete button . All hyperlinks to this anchor are removed from the layout.

Alternatively, you can edit and delete anchors using the Hyperlinks dialog box (Edit menu).

Editing and deleting hyperlinks

To edit the destination of a hyperlink, select the hyperlink in the layout, click the Edit button in the Hyperlinks palette, and then enter a new value in the URL field or choose an option from the drop-down menu next to the URL field.

To remove the destination of a hyperlink, select the hyperlink in the layout and then click No Hyperlink in the Hyperlinks palette or choose Style > Hyperlink > Delete.

Navigating using the Hyperlinks palette

In addition to creating hyperlinks in the Hyperlinks palette, you can use the Hyperlinks palette to navigate to hyperlinks and anchors in the active QuarkXPress layout. To navigate using the Hyperlinks palette:

• To view a destination that is a URL, double-click that destination in the Hyperlinks palette. The URL is passed to the designated Web browser.

• To navigate to an anchor in the active layout, double-click the anchor's name in the Hyperlinks palette.